Brady Act & Constitutional Law

How guns and firearms are sold and owned in the United States of America has changed as both firearms and the outlook of the general public about gun ownership by private individuals developed and changed over time. From the very first time firearms were introduced to the public to the use of firearms for a variety of reasons other than as a weapon to kill or maim another human being intentionally, laws and regulations state-wide as well as national has been put into action so that the problems arising from poor gun control can be addressed.There are several laws in effect in the United States today which directly affect the selling and ownership of guns. One of these laws is the Brady Handgun Control Act, a law which was campaigned for and was inspired by the vision and dedication of Ms. Sarah Brady, wise of the deceased James Brady. Sarah Brady campaigned for the creation of law that would make gun sale and purchase a process that erases the chances that guns fall into the wrong ha nds. Sarah lost her husband after James was killed during an assassination attempt against former US president Ronal Reagan.The Brady Act was passed, but it has many critics coming from different sides. Some praise the initiative especially those who believe that one of the serious issues that law makers and law enforcement units should address is firearms and violence. â€Å"The Brady Act was passed in response to what Congress describes as an ‘epidemic of gun violence†¦ ’ Whether or not the evaluation reflected in the enactment of the Brady Act is correct as to the extent of the danger and the efficacy of the legislation, the congressional decision surely warrants more respect that it is accorded in today's unprecedented decision (Kommers, Finn, Jacobsohn, 2004, p.270). † The constitutional law implications of the Brady Act – The enactment into law of the Brady Handgun Control Act (previously the Brady Handgun Control Bill) created many after effect s. The immediate constitutional implication of the Brady Act is the changing of what can be considered as the legal process of owning a gun. Prior to the Brady Act, there are no laws that require the screening of individuals who want to purchase a firearm.But because of the Brady Act, suppliers, dealers and sellers of firearms who are identified by the Brady Act as required by the law to undergo customer screening is now constrained to do so, lest they are subjected to the penalties that go with the violation of the Brady Act. Another noticeable effect of the Brady Act in the constitutional law is the idea of enforcing state laws into the federal system, which some believed as a breach of the sovereignty of the states and a direct violation of the tenth amendment.The tenth amendment basically guarantees the sovereignty of the states from the perceived blanket and federal rule of rules and laws which are being imposed nationwide. When the Brady Bill was passed and made the Brady Act, local state governments and courts were torn on whether or not the country is guilty of usurping state powers when they introduced the Brady Act and the features of this particular law.According to the book made by National Research Council titled â€Å"Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors,† not all of the states proved to be receptive to the idea of the federal government, and there are some who felt that there are existing problems found in the imposition of the Brady Act in all of the states.â€Å"Shortly after the act's passage, local law enforcement officials from around the country filed lawsuits seeking to enjoin its enforcement and to have its interim provisions declared unconstitutional under the Tenth Amendment (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). † The response of the different courts that heard out this cry over undue pressure from the federal government was varied. This is because the interpretation and tolerance towards the use and imposition of the Brady Act in every state is also different.Some states think that the features of the Brady Act are ok. â€Å"The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in Mack v. United States upheld the constitutionality of the interim provisions, finding in the Brady Act, nothing unusually jarring to our system of federalism (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). † But while there are courts who ruled in favor of the Brady Act and its imposition in the state, there were also instances wherein the court ruled in favor of the state government and its rights, â€Å"some courts, like the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in Koog v.United States, found the interim provisions unconstitutional, explaining that the interim duties effectively commandeer the legislative processes of the States, and in violation of the Tenth Amendment, cross the line from permissible encouragement of a state regulatory response into that constitutionally forbidden territory of coercion of the sovereign States (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290). † Besides the friction that the Brady Act made with regards to the relationship of the government of the sovereign states and the federal government, the law also appears to have a significant role in how the law makers would create other laws.The Brady Act acts as precedent for the creation of other laws against other things closely related to firearms, starting with the regulation of explosive products. Facing an age where terrorism is largely defined by the use of bombs and by the presence of chemicals being used for bomb-making, law makers may rethink their position in pending laws that will affect bomb and explosives regulation. â€Å"The fate of the Brad Act has obvious implications for any regulations that Congress may devise to control ammonium nitrate or other explosive products (National Research Council, 1998, p. 290).† There are other effects on law and constitution caused by the Brady Act. For example, the Brady Act provided the plug to close several holes in some existing laws in gun control, like the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 and acted as a law that supported other judicial efforts to combat violence originating from firearms, like the Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The Brady Act as a law went head on against some of the existing state laws on firearms purchase and selling, and because it was a redundancy, some states did not see fit to use or implement it.But this does not seem to matter because, according to Siegel, the Brady Act was considered by some as ineffective in achieving what it was designed for. â€Å"When Jen Ludwig and Philip Cook compared two sets of states – thirty-two that installed the Brady Law in 1994 and eighteen states plus the District of Columbia, which already had similar types of laws prior to 1994 – they found that there was no evidence that implementing the Brady Law contributed to a reduction in homicide (Siegel, 2005, pg 49).† Conclusion – It is easily imaginable how the proponents of the Brady Act only had in mind the undertaking of a noble cause to protect the public. But as it turned out, the Brady Bill did not only became a source of confusion and debate concerning constitutional rights of the state government which cannot be breached by federal government, it also proved as a blunt knife when it comes to the effort in cutting down irresponsible firearms sell that leads to violence.Proponents of the Brady Act were hoping that the rest of the country would embrace it and that the efforts will be validated by its efficacy. But at some point they were wrong because of many things. First, there are already similar laws installed in some states that the Brady Law is just an unnecessary cause of confusion for them. Second, the resulting effort to make the Brady A ct a nationwide and blanket law was met with criticisms over the supposed encroachment of federal government illegally on constitutionally protected state government rights.If the Brady Act proves that it can provide a very sound framework from which new rules will be made from (i. e. the law on the restriction of explosives), then the Brady Act will indirectly make a positive contribution towards efforts which are geared in getting the same results similar to the outcome that the Brady Bill was hoping to achieve. References Kommers, Donald P. , Finn, John E. and Jacobsohn, Gary J.(February 2004). American Constitutional Law: Essays, Cases, and Comparative Notes, Second Edition, Volume 1. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. National Research Council (July 1998). Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. National Academies Press. Siegel, Larry J. (March 2005). Cr iminology. Wadsworth.

The Door

A positive outcome takes initiative. In his poem, ‘The Door’, Miroslav Holub commends us to initiate change by symbolically opening the door. Recognising the importance of change Holub repeats his command several times in the poem, ‘Go and open the door’. To inspire us to accept change he lists possibilities you can find on the other side of the door. Magic city is purely imagination. Holub is persisting us to be in a positive mental state once we initiate change. In his poem, ‘The Door’, Miroslav Holub encourages you to seek and welcome any kind of change in your life.By initiating change, you encounter different obstacles and even if it is just small Holub believes it will still enhance your life. Even if it is barely anything such as ‘hollow wind’, the intention of making a change will make a difference. No matter what, Miroslav Holub motivates us to take the chance. There will possibly be a ‘The Door’ gives you assu rance that beyond the obstacle you face there will be better outcomes as long as you allow yourself to progress and think positively. ‘If there is a fog, It will clear up. ’Once the fog clears up Miroslav Holub inspires us by listing possibilities that may be waiting for on the other side of the door. ‘a tree, or a wood, A garden, Or a magic city’ A magic city is imaginative. Holub motivates us to ‘Go open the door’. He commands us to ‘Go open the door’ because he believes the change in our life will benefit us. Even if there is just ‘hollow wind’, it will still benefit us. He reassures us that the ‘fog will clear up’ and the ‘darkness will tick by’ and positive change will be be waiting on the other side of the door for you, as long as you allow yourself to open the door.

Play Activity Assignment Essay

This assignment is called Play activity. It is deserving 30 % of the overall class of the faculty Early on Childhood Education. As portion of the assessment standard of this assignment I must finish a drama activity to a group o kids aged between 0-6 old ages. WORK PLACE I have been get downing to work in Creche X in Donnybrook country since two hebdomads ago ( as a full clip ) . I have been in a free test. so portion clip till they decided I can get down full clip. I work in Baby room. There are five kids at the minute. I love kids and I like being around them. I haven’t worked before with babes. so it was a challenge and a large duty for me and I was really happy for the opportunity given to me. Despite the fact I had no experience to work with babes. I learnt tonss of things in a short period of clip and I can state I still have to larn few more. It is a little but broad. but friendly and brilliantly foundling hospital. It is a full twenty-four hours care service from 7:30 boulder clay 6:00. They have a Baby room. Wobblers room. Toddler room and Montessori room. The Baby room has besides a fingerstall room with 4 beds. It is a lovely room plentifulness of playthings and books ( for babes ) . The foundling hospital has besides a changing room. an office. a kitchen and a big out-of-door garden. They provide breakfast and hot alimentary repasts. All of their staff ( six individuals ) are full trained and experienced. They are Garda vetted and First assistance trained. They use the Montessori and Highscope methods of drama and instruction. They have a unafraid entree. out-of-door safety surface. wheel chair accessible. day-to-day log kept for parents. When parents come to pick up their kids they must state a watchword or if they send person else to pick up their kid. they must name before and so to state a watchword every bit good. Duties * Sign the kids in and out * Keep daily record of each kid ( record book ) * Parents mark in and out * Changing diapers * Feeding kids * Playing with them ( sponge picture. manus print. activity gym. ball drama. drawing objects. mirror drama. face look. different sort of music. mussy drama. etc ) * Bring them to kip country * Verify so from tem to ten proceedingss * Write every twenty-four hours on a Care of Sheet the measure and the hours they had their bottles of milk. solids. how many clip diapers were changed. * Write down on the Cot Sheet that you verified the kids and they were safe at that minute * Answer the phone. * Hovering and mop every twenty-four hours the room * Fill out an accident study * Chat with parents about day’s activity * Medical consent and disposal signifier for medical specialties given to kids must be completed by the director. parent. staff and informant. * Take the temperature of kids that seem to be ill look intoing from 15 to 15 proceedingss and right down on the medical specialty book ; if the temperature is high we call the parents * Verify every forenoon and afternoon the temperature from icebox * Hover and wipe up all the foundling hospital one twenty-four hours a hebdomad ( when my bend comes ) PERSONAL PROFILE My name is Mihaela Serea. I’m from Romania and I came in Ireland in 2008. I have been get downing to work as a kid minder for two households. I took attention of a kid of four old ages old and one of three old ages old. The 2nd household merely moved in UK two months ago. so I decided to get down Fetac Level 5 in Childcare. In Romania I went to College for a period of 4 old ages Faculty of Letters. profile Romanian-English. During the college I completed the classs for the Department of Teaching in primary/secondary school. After the college I have done a maestro grade in Business Management for one twelvemonth and half. During my Master grade I had the chance to work in a kindergarten. I was afraid of taking attention of little kids. but it was a truly pleasant experience and I enjoyed it a batch. Some other classs completed: when I was in secondary school. I decided to make some classs within the country of computing machines. What I want to accomplish from this faculty Early on Childhood Education? It is a important period of kids at this age. so I want to research all the facets of a kid development. from safety and psychological science to physical. cognitive and emotional development. I want to assist kids to derive assurance in mundane undertakings. to guarantee that the drama is conforming to official wellness and safety criterions. It is a period when walking. speaking. vision of the universe and moral foundations are established. The early old ages of life are critical to the development of intelligence. personality and societal behaviour. I would wish to larn about kids demands and involvements. My alone merchandising points I enjoy learning. but in Rumanian linguistic communication because it will be easy to show myself. In English I loose myself. I forget the words. I don t know any longer what I want to state. it s hard. because in school we don’t communicate plenty. we merely learn to read. to compose. grammar. exercisings. When I was a kid I dreamed to be a instructor. All my narrative books have Markss on. I like painting. vocalizing. computing machines. I like to be informed. One twenty-four hours I believe I will hold my ain concern a foundling hospital. But first of all I need to work in a foundling hospital for more old ages to acquire more experience and to happen out everything I need to cognize approximately. I like kids really much. I will be a good director and I think it will be good money as good. if I provide a good service. Title of drama activity: Fall leaves Aim Autumn is a great clip to learn kids about foliages. I want to larn them through drama and geographic expedition of the nature and to acquire involved with it. Roll uping different foliages they learn different colourss. forms and constructions. Another purpose is to develop children’s creativeness by blending colourss. working in groups. Consultation with my supervisor When I take a group of kids out I have to be cognizant of their safety: planning. permission. supervising. conveyance. In my instance. I go into a park merely near by our location with a group of pre school kids. I spoke with my supervisor to give permission and a missive should be sent to all the parents/guardians of the kids. Co-operation with households is indispensable to guarantee the public assistance of the kids. The supervisor told me it s non necessary a conveyance. because it is merely two proceedingss off. We do non necessitate jammed repasts. merely some bottles of H2O. tissues. trim vesture. little first assistance kit. a charged Mobile phone and exigency contact Numberss. guaranting that the service’s insurance policy includes equal screen for excursions. I have to take attention of wellness. safety and hygiene of kids keeping a high criterion of attention which promotes the development of the kids. Children should be appropriately dressed for the excursion in fabrics which protect against the conditions. Children should non have on their best fabrics. Children’s vesture demands to let them freedom of motion so that they can take full advantage of all the chances offered on the excursion. I remembered to kids about route safety. Always we cross the route at safe points such as traffic visible radiations. I checked the topographic point in progress to be certain of the installations that are available and the country that may be a danger to kids. Benefits of my chosen subject: A survey of leaves/ fall opens up possibilities for larning in many content countries. Language Arts. Mathematics. Science. Social Studies. and Art all contribute to a unit on foliages. If there is entree to a park or resort area. the kids can travel on a foliage assemblage walk. When this isn’t possible. kids can be encouraged to garner foliages at place with their households and convey them in to the schoolroom. or instructors can supply the foliages. Leafs change colourss. normally from green to red. orange. xanthous and brown. Leafs can be found on trees. autumn to the land and we rake them. Children sort the foliages they collected by colour. size or type of foliage. Fall is a beautiful clip of twelvemonth. when the foliages change colour and autumn from the trees. Besides brushing them up and bagging them. see seting the fallen foliages to good usage. Children collect and turn them into leaf art. The motley foliages make beautiful trade undertakings. and the best portion is that they’re free. There are several types of trades you can make from foliages. The lone bound is your imaginativeness. Traveling out in the park they learn different types of animate beings. Besides kids learn about the season ‘’autumn’’ : season of the twelvemonth between summer and winter. enduring from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice and from September to December ; period of adulthood verging on diminution. Five related subjects: 1. Leaf print 2. Hedge hogs 3. Colorss 4. Roll uping leaves 5. Autumn leaves Chosen activity: I have chosen an art activity to be completed with a group of 5 kids within a pre-school scene. Preparation: * I will speak with my supervisor in order to inform her about the background of the drama activity assignment * I will convey a photocopy of my program about this drama activity * During the meeting I ask her about some suggestions related to the drama activity and its educational content * I ask my supervisor if parents will give the permission to take the kids in the park * I will inquire my supervisor about a suited clip and location to finish the drama activity and what I may necessitate to acquire. * I wil seek to calculate out how long it may take to finish this activity * I will make a checklist in order to guarantee that all indispensable supplies are present during the drama * Equipment needed to finish the accomplishments presentation will be: baskets to roll up the foliages. gum. white documents. little and large paintbrushes. H2O based pigments. paper plates. paper tissues. wet rubs. and aprons. The pigment used will be non toxic. Execution: First of all the activity will be safe for the kids to set about. The park was at 5 proceedingss walking off from our location and it was a safe country. I gave them baskets to roll up the foliages from the park We spent 2 hours in the nature Wash hands Gather stuffs utilizing the checklist as a usher Set out an country permitted by the supervisor Put on the aprons on each kid I give to each kid a pigment coppices and paper home bases I showed them how to do the operation They cleaned up the muss Evaluation: As portion of my appraisal for the FETAC faculty: Early Childhood Education. I must finish one drama activity within a work topographic point puting. I tried to follow measure by step the program in order to finish the Play Activity ‘’Autumn leaves’’ . I spent about two hours in the park with kids. and so we came back. 1. How the accomplishments presentation went from my personal point of view 1. In my sentiment everything went really good and I was truly happy that I succeeded to finish it. The kids helped me a batch because they followed my verbal instructions. Before we have gone to the park. I gave them wood baskets to roll up the foliages. I provided all the stuffs they needed to cover with for publishing foliages on the documents. First of all I showed them how to make it. I took one of my ain foliages. I painted it and I put the painted side on the sheet of paper and gently press it with my custodies. After few seconds. I lifted the foliage. They could take small/big pigment coppices and colourss to utilize. I could see they tried to do the operation really good precisely as I showed it to them. TC1 and TC3 showed a large concentration. Despite of the fact that CT2 wanted to work on his ain. he mixed the colourss really nice. 2. How the accomplishments went presentation went from the child’s point of view The Play Activity ended really good. all kids have been happy about their creative activities. I put on their creative activities their names and I hanged them on a wire. They applauded/clapped their custodies and had large smilings on their faces. They showed a batch of concentration when they started to paint. 3. The last portion of the rating is really the development of kids through this drama activity as followers: P. I. L. E. S Physical Development: This was developed when all the kids collected foliages from the land and when they printed the foliages on the documents. In the park they collected foliages utilizing their fingers ( all right motor accomplishments ) . They moved from a topographic point to another. jumping and running about developing their gross motor accomplishments. ( Large musculuss: legs. organic structure motions ) . They held the paintbrushes ( all right motor accomplishments ) to publish the foliages. Intellectual: They counted how many leaves they had at the terminal and they sorted the foliages based on colourss and sizes ( Logical/math ) . They compared their foliages to see who has the largest 1 ( Concentration ) . Through art they developed their creativeness and look of their art when they put different colourss of foliages on documents. Children love to happen interesting molded foliages. T. C 4 remembered some names of the trees they learned in the schoolroom ( memory ) . T. C 1 pretended he is the kid of the jungle. Mowgly ( imaginativeness ) . T. C3 stick two documents side by side to do a bigger montage of foliages printed and T. C4 mixed the colourss of the foliages on the paper. ( creativeness ) . TC4 pretended he is a coney in the wood. so he started to leap like a coney. ( imaginativeness ) . Language: This was developed when kids understood my verbal instructions related to foliages ( roll uping them. numbering them. do comparings. painting the foliages so stick them for few seconds on the documents. etc ) . They learned new words related to and animate beings trees like maple. oak. squirrels. etc Emotional: This was developed when T. C1 expressed his felicity about detecting he found the largest foliage. T. C2 started to sing a vocal we have learned in the category. T. C4 started to shout because he falls down on the land. TC3 was angry because TC1 pushed him on a side merely to take his foliage he found on the land. They developed feelings associated with winning and losing. Social: This was developed when I brought them together in the park. in the nature. T. C1 was playing with the others. T. C3 collected foliages with T. C4. ( team work. the ability to work in groups. interaction with the others ) . When we were in the schoolroom I put them to work in braces of two. ( they learnt to portion the equipment. be patient. clean up the muss ) . Howard Gardner Kinesthetic: CT4 leaping like a coney. so he developed his gross musculuss ( legs ) . They played together. running. CT3 is really good at trade. he was making a great occupation lodging two documents side by side. and doing a bigger montage of different colourss. forms of foliage printed. Naturalist: CT2 was first-class at acknowledging the squirrels. They enjoyed being in nature. researching the nature. roll uping foliages. CT1 recognized some flowers. Interpersonal: CT3 seem to be a a natural leader enjoy learning the others how to paint the foliage and so to lodge them on the paper. I noticed CT3 is a closed friend to CT4. Intrapersonal: When I put them to work in groups of two. CT2 replied to me that he prefers working entirely. He showed a strong sense of independency in the park every bit good roll uping the foliages on his ain. ( He does a great occupation on his ain ) . Recommendations for alteration: I propose for the following clip when we go into a trip. we should take a larger topographic point with more attractive/educational musca volitanss for kids to see and we should take more kids and more staff. It will be more merriment. Impact on kids: Children enjoyed traveling out researching the natures. roll uping the foliages. They deal with forms. colourss. how they look combined. They loved to utilize different colourss to paint the foliages and they seemed really partisans about their work. At the terminal at the undertaking they were proud of their work. They learned to work in groups. Painting gives them the ability to portion their equipment. to clean up their muss. They learned to be patient. they learned new words. Personal acquisition: * I learned to finish a drama activity in a pre-school scene * I learnt to use theory to pattern * I improved to pass on with my supervisor and ask for advice sing my program activity.

Issue 14 no 2510 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issue 14 no 2510 - Essay Example Every child has the right to quality education. In the rural parts of the Kenya, the preference to educate the boy child over the girl child is the essence of this big may hem. This cripples the girl child mind. Rights to education and training should be available to all and at the right time, (Ghai p 291). The arguments of the girl will get married and get a comfortable life wherever she is married are arguments that should be thrown to the bottom lake of fire. With the right education in place, the women are able to brain box their opposite gender for an equal share. In the lake region for instance the ‘luos,’ geographically located at the Lake region along the river Nile, traditionally practiced wife inheritance. The women lived in great agony after their husbands’ death. The rights to own property and make decisions were nowhere near the script, (Ghai p 292). This polygamous life was the birth of psychological torture. The exposure the sexually transmitted killer diseases could not be ruled out. Thanks to civilization that this never happens. In central Kenya where ‘bantus, kikuyu, the embu’ and the ‘meru’ tribes owned huge chunks of land. On the death of the husband, this property was illegally taken by the brothers to the deceased. This left the family to languish in poverty. The daughters of these rich tycoons were unfortunately not inheriting any form of property or land. The land was meant for the sons, (Ghai p 293). The belief that the women would get portions of wealth wherever they got married is an act that is highly condemned. This paper is in agreement that women have a reason to smile in Kenya today. The new constitution was promulgated towards the end of August 2010 have brought new tidings to the women in Kenya. The right to own property and the enactment of a trusted functioning judicial system is something to be proud of to the Kenyans. The general praise from

Double-sidedness of Advice on Position of Parents Essay

Double-sidedness of Advice on Position of Parents - Essay Example (.Mihaly & Rathunde. p28). The older people thwart the dreams of children by becoming very rigid in the decisions they impose on them. People can see through this story that advice and suggestion from the perspective of adults can kill diverse dreams before young people try. It does not mean all advice and opinion influence negative effects because they have already experienced about what they said, and it could be a useful guideline to live. However, these kinds of adults’ thought and behaviors can make children and young people just follow the safe instruction. This statement means that there is no adventure as the owner of the independent life. I think if all people stuck with their dreams, people and society would be getting hard. Korea’s job crisis can be an example. Korea is a unique country that achieved rapid development in a short period from developing to a developed country. Previous generation lived this result fiercely while they have stood against lots of changes like World War and done the hard job like dirty, dangerous, and difficult job called 3D job. The parents who went through thes e hard times did not want their children to experience what they had already experienced. They would encourage their children to work hard in studies as scarifying themselves without spending money for them since they believed the way to escape difficult situation is getting white-collar jobs. Such jobs were very lucrative by that time. This thought and efforts of the previous generation altered society’s perception of a job, so the job crisis that cause most young people in Korea try only to get into the white-collar job has happened. Moreover, many Koreans nowadays want to work at similar field such as management department and enter large corporations. They do such without considering which department is more valuable for them and makes them more attractive, which worsens the job crisis.

Using Force Against Civilians in Time of Civil Unrest Research Paper

Using Force Against Civilians in Time of Civil Unrest - Research Paper Example On the same note, the participation of civilians in such activities continues to take new directions every single day, and so have their rights. Nations around the world address the issue of civil unrests differently, based on their legal systems and the extent to which civil rights are observed. In some countries, use of force against civilians during such times is a normal phenomenon, while in others, force against civilians constitute a crime against the civilians. Sweden is no exception in the civil unrest pursuit. For Sweden, use of force against civilians in times of civil unrest is against the law. The provisions of the law strictly require upholding of human rights even in times of civil unrest (EPL 111). This is due to the fact that there are causes behind the observed situation during such times. In my country, civil unrests are addressed with regard to the cause and aspect within which they occur. Civil unrest as aforementioned can result from cultural, social, economic or political aspects within the country. Whatever the cause or aspect of occurrence, Sweden requires that civilians be handled humanely. This does not mean that the civilians can act in any way they feel like. Arrests and charges are provided for by the law (U.S Congress 2187). My country holds that acting forceful against the civilians is only likely to worsen the situation. With this in mind, the region within which Sweden is found becomes directly involved. Civil unrests that have previously been experienced in Sweden have not only affected Sweden as a country, but also the surrounding nations in that region. This situation has previously proven to be one that can ruin international relations. However, in the recent times, Sweden remains free of civil unrests, thereby enhancing regional and international relationships. Civil unrests and use of force against civilians is a situation that is also accounted for by the United Nations (UN). The UN monitors civil activities in all member states, and gets directly involved in issues that apply to its jurisdiction. The UN involvement comes if the country fails to control persistent civil unrest (Michael 83). Basically, civil groups work hand in hand with the government to resolve civil disputes if any. UN talks and engagement comes in when that process fails to realize the desired outcome. My country welcomes UN involvement in all aspects that fall under its legislature. Sweden being a UN member is subject to UN directives and regulations. In line with observing her position on use of force against civilians, Sweden also observes the UN provisions on the same. Human rights are central to Sweden’s bid to deal with civil unrest while avoiding force against the civilians (Thorsten, Stephan & Philipp 76). Resolution Paper Bearing in mind that contemporary civil issues are diverse and dynamic over time, it is important for Sweden and the UN at large to account for this ever changing trend. In so doing, the liberty of a country, and its position in the UN remains strategic, prior to the relationship that should prevail between the states that make up the UN, Alarmed by the fact that use of force against civilians is inhumane in Sweden, the position of the UN in getting involved in such matters in Sweden should remain within that provision, uninfluenced by the practices undertaken in other member states during similar times of civil unrest, Seeking reforms is

The Popularity of Social Networking and Social Media Sites Research Paper - 8

The Popularity of Social Networking and Social Media Sites - Research Paper Example The social networks and social media phenomenon has also led to the emergence of new careers in social media managers who are among the best-paid employees in the current times. Social media has basically overhauled the traditional ways of doing business. Besides business, social media and social networking have also profoundly affected how members of society communicate with each other. Calls that are usually carried over telephone networks and physical mails that are normally delivered through courier and postal services are almost becoming extinct as more and more humans choose to communicate via internet supported chat rooms, emails, status updates, microblogs and tweets. Through a simple status update, one can give an opinion on an issue and initiate a debate on the issue without necessarily convening a physical meeting where everyone has to be physically present. Socializing has also taken a new form as a result of the emerging Social Media and Social Networking sites. Humans a re often considered as social beings that have the need to socialize with each other. Social Networking sites like Facebook allow one to befriend people over the internet even without meeting them. Graduates.com is another site that allows for the socialization of former schoolmates. Perhaps the most profound effect of social media is in the way we receive news. In the past, breaking news was a reserve of the big cable television companies. However, in the social media and social networking era, anyone who can claim ownership of a smartphone can easily play the role of a journalist and deliver breaking news. Pictures can easily be uploaded on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.

The Code of Dignity and the Code of Honor Coursework - 3

The Code of Dignity and the Code of Honor - Coursework Example In the code of dignity, an interpersonal relationship prospers because of ratification and dialogue. According to the code of dignity, people must form an interpersonal relationship on equal terms and they should give each other respect and space to grow. In the code of honor, an interpersonal relationship prospers by defining social roles of people, in which they must stay to continue a relationship. Interpersonal relationships in the code of honor are formed by giving proper social positions to individuals and people can grow as part of society, not as individuals. Teamsterville code of speaking exemplifies a code of honor because the emphasis is on role and place and these should be related to a person. Moreover, in Teamsterville code of speaking, it was shown that men and women had their own roles in society, to which they should adhere. Society is prioritized over the individual in Teamsterville code of speaking. Nacirema code of speaking exemplifies a code of dignity because emphasis is on individual and self. People are in need of true communication that is close, supportive and flexible in which, they must be allowed to grow with respect. Self is prioritized over society in Nacirema code of speaking. Richard Daley: Joanna, I just don't get it. How could a woman like you abandon her child? What, did your husband beat you or something? Joanna Kramer: Well. No, Ted is not an extremist and he has no personal flaws but he was unable to give me my space.

Unit 7 Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Unit 7 Discussion - Research Paper Example Path 1case of Child and Family Welfare that has been given as an example here is an indicator to the fact that many victims especially teens who are tested HIV positive do suffer from lack of proper exposure on how they should handle such crisis, thus tend to leave in seclusion from reality. In this case, the mother of Ron finds Ron’s result without being told by Ron, calls for proper handling of both the mother and the teen – Ron by the caregiver. According to Ahsan (2006), the caregiver should ensure that the mother is equipped with enduring and underling protective factors that should be rendered to Ron in order to live positively healthy without also infecting others. This means that the mother must be told the truth of the Ron’s infection and a match of interventions must be optimized in order to help the teen cope with the situation. This is often referred to as the parent-centered strategy. On the other hand Ron must be kept on constant counseling to provi de him with skills and belief necessary to overcome stigmatization. This approach is known as child centered strategy. Strong family support is the hallmark of proper handling of the victims who need rehabilitation. Caregivers should therefore ensure that the family members are always in cooperated in such programs for the success of the

Ethical issues in virtual education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ethical issues in virtual education - Essay Example   The foundation of coaching once confined to local academies and education centers in past has extensively been extended to national and international colleges, universities and distant educational institutions. Not only this that schools, colleges and universities have been established like mushrooms in modern times, but also several new disciplines have also been introduced in these institutions with the passage of time, which encourage the students in respect of conducting researches to approve or reject the latest developed theories related to pure and social sciences and management and marketing etc too as well. Hence, the 20th century brought tremendous revolution in all fields of life including science, technology, industrialisation and advancement, which significantly left indelible imprints on teaching profession. Large-scale modifications in educational training centres not only upraised the level of education, and eradicated ignorance and illiteracy altogether, but also offered the people belonging to different cultures and communities the chances of seeking education at higher level even while staying at homes or in their own community and get professional education without any restriction of age, sex and region. The concept of virtual education is thus a wonderful achievement in this regards. University education is the continuity of the same pattern that was introduced by Plato in the ancient Greece, but providing of education through distance in various regions of the globe is the product of modern society.   

Types of Diabetes, Disease Statistics, and Treatment Mechanisms Research Paper - 1

Types of Diabetes, Disease Statistics, and Treatment Mechanisms - Research Paper Example Type-1 diabetes usually begins during childhood or adolescence.   Type-2 diabetes is the most common type and begins at a later age, usually after 40 years.   This condition is caused when the pancreatic glands do not produce enough insulin for blood sugar metabolism, thereby increasing the blood sugar levels in the body. The third type is gestational diabetes that develops in women during pregnancy.   This condition usually disappears after delivery but may continue in some women as Type-2 diabetes. The WHO fact sheet as of 2011 reports that more than 220 million people suffer from diabetes in the world.  Ã‚   Research and statistics indicate that the number of people developing diabetes will double in the next two decades.   A research conducted by Wild et al (2004) indicated India, China, and the USA as the three countries with highest numbers of diabetes patients in the world; this research also predicted these countries to still remain the highest in the same order by 2030 of people suffering from diabetes. The risk factors for Type-1 diabetes include hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, and viral infection of the pancreas. Risk factors for Type-2 diabetes include age, obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, and hypertension.   NIH reports indicate that specific geographical regions and races are highly prone to Type-1 diabetes.   In some cases, antipsychotic drugs such as Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Ziprasidone etc induce Type-2 diabetes. Clinical symptoms associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, increased hunger, decreased vision; in severe cases, the symptoms may progress to diabetic coma due to ketoacidosis.   Besides these symptoms, diabetes causes severe complications to other organs and their functions.   Patients with prolonged diabetes suffer from decreased brain functioning in terms of memory, an information-processing speed of understanding, and decreased cognitive ability.   Secondly, insulin dysfunction causes hypertension, obesity, and abnormal levels of lipids in the blood; this condition is termed as metabolic syndrome.  

Social Networking Essay Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Essay Essay How has social networking affected people today? Social sites now affect people’s thoughts almost constantly and causes people to think very lowly of themselves. New advances in technology have affected the lives of many in these negative ways. In the article How many facebook friends do you need? by Robin Marantz Henig and words from Samantha Henig there are many examples of these points. Social networking has affected those on these sites minds greatly. These sites such as twitter and facebook have almost taken over many people today’s minds. In the article Samantha Henig states that after she says something funny her mind immediately goes to the idea of tweeting it. Samantha is only one person out of many so captivated by the immediate urge to share thoughts and events with the rest of the world and put it out somewhere where everyone can see. These social sites have created a more abundant want for others to know what is going on in an individual’s life rather than their want for simply enjoying what they have themselves. In addition to these thoughts and need to share events and thoughts constantly social networking also affects people’s minds in that it has people constantly worried about what others are doing. Through these sites participators are able to know what others are doing throughout the day without even directly contacting them. By knowing this information it allows people to compare others lives to theirs without even realizing it, and find themselves checking their phones for these sites more and more often throughout the day. Social networking gives people the fear that they are missing out on something else instead of being happy with what they are doing themselves. This is one issue that social networking and all of its participants has produced. Furthermore this social networking has changed peoples’ views on themselves  in a negative way. These sites have created an image for many individuals that only views them in the most flattering way. This causes others to begin to have the thought that they do not meet the standards of others and constantly fight with themselves with the ideas of their own image. Although these flattering photos of others are usually real they exclude the photos which might not be as flattering cause false information to be believed and not expressing people as they truly are. Besides this physical image there is also the emotional aspect this social networking spreads. These sites spread people’s information on where they are and with who making some feel out of the loop or left out. This causes many to feel not included and increase the worry in their own social status that is already present. In the people who see these posts their minds begin to wonder and try harder to become more popular in their own minds and more importantly others struggling to fight for the most followers, likes or friends. Social sites affect people’s thoughts at almost every second and causes people to negatively change their opinions on themselves. This issue of new social networking affected people in their thoughts and feelings.

Careless Human Environmental Destruction

Careless Human Environmental Destruction For many reasons the human race could be called a blessing. Great advanced in technology, medicine and even the fact we are the most sophisticated species on the planet. Are we a gift to planet Earth, or far from it? With cast amounts of pollution and destruction of the planet, not to mention unthinkable acts of violence and hate that has been going on since the beginning of time. Are we really as sophisticated and important as we have led ourselves to believe? Are we any better than any other creature because we are more technologically advanced? Is the human race a blessing? Humans have destroyed and endangered more species on our planet than any other species or group, with our continuous pollution and lack of respect for out own environment. One area of the world affected by our careless habits is our coastlines and the marine habitats that vast amounts of species rely on. These particular areas of the world are being destroyed because humans dont seem to care as long as they make a couple of dollars in the process. Oil spills like the one in the Prince William Sound on the coast of Alaska and Hawaiian sea turtles and their many troubles with humans are just some examples of human carelessness and the consequences that the environment, particularly marine wildlife incur, which often are fatal. I chose this particular subject because I find the ocean and its unique and rare inhabitants to be interesting. Every coastline has its one unique species and no two areas are the same. I wanted to learn more about how humans are destroying the habitats of these unique creatures. I found that all species are in someway being threatened by human dominance and carelessness. From the common flounder or sea star you can find when you walk across the beach to a rare fish like the coelacanth (prehistoric fish that was believed to be extinct until one was caught off the coat of Madagascar by a local commercial fisherman until in the 1950s). The ocean can be a calm and loving but can easily turn into a vicious killer within seconds. All of these things are what I find so interesting about the ocean. I wanted to find out why people can continue to destroy it even though they know the effect of their actions. I guess some people are ignorant and just dont care if they destroy the things that m ake our environment so beautiful. One example of our careless destruction of our environment is the Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska in 1989. The Prince William Sound still shows signs of the oil spill tem years later. Most species have recovered since the spill, but many are still suffering. The Harbor Seal and herring are just two who are vital to the survival of all the species in the area. Herring are the main source of food for many species in the area, including humans. (Mitchell, p.98) The ecosystem is gradually recovering from the spill, says Molly McCammon, an Executive director of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, but it will never be the same as it was twenty years ago. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council was founded to oversee the use of nine hundred million dollars to the area by the government after settling with the Exxon Company for one billion dollars in criminal and civil damages. One serious problem in the aftermath of Exxon Valdez is the decline of herring. (The tabl e shows the chave in populations of Prince William Sound before and after the Exxon Valdez spill.) Even more disturbing than the fact herring arent recovering as well as other species like them is the fact they were on the decline before the accident. This was a major issue because herring are the center of the ecosystem in the Sound. Many biologists now believe that over fishing of the herring has contributed to their decline. The Pacific Herring is just one species of the area, but if you see how important that one species is to the ecosystem of the Alaskan coast than you begin to see how important all species are to their particular habitats. This is just one example, but if you take a species out of its environment, then a chain reaction would occur, hurting the species around it. Another species that biologists are beginning to study wit the money received from the Exxon Valdez settlement is the Alaskan Salmon. The oil spill has left the Alaskan Salmon on the decline until recently, but still the species is reeling. The last two years have been extremely positive for the Alaskan Salmon population, stated one Alaskan biologists. But her concerns were more focused on the salmon offspring, which had been effected by the spill. Fry, as seen in the left vial, were damaged by the oil. The fry still come in contact with oil when oil pockets seep into some intertidal spawning streams. These pockets are like mines, says Jeffrey Short, a scientist with the National Marine Fisheries Service. Scientist discovered the oil caused genetic defects in salmon. Many species in the Prince William Sound are still recovering from the spill. This is just one spill and you can see the devastation it has made upon its ecosystem. This has been called one of the worst oil spills in his tory. But you can imagine there has been numerous spills that are almost as areas might never fully recover from the spill on their ecosystem. The devastation of an oil spill is just one of many causes of marine destruction that humans are guilty of. Many other species suffer from damaged habitats. Another example of humans destroying their environment and the unique species that live there is Hawaiian Sea turtles. The turtles are becoming endangered because of loss of habitat. The overwhelming presence of humans in the turtles habitat is making is harder for turtles to find areas where they can lay their eggs. The loss of nesting sites if hurting the reproduction of sea turtles because unpopulated beaches are becoming harder to find. Sea turtles have an affinity for certain beaches and when they cannot lay their eggs there they have to find new areas which can take time. Other reasons why the turtles are being threatened are pollution of the ocean and netting. Pollution in the form of debris is killing turtles. They can ingest the plastic debris and it makes it hard to get the nourishment needed from the food they eat. Netting is another killer of turtles. Fishing nets set out by commercial fisherman are a definite killer of sea turtles in the Hawaiian Islands. (http://www.tur tles.org/marines). Erosion of beaches also hurts the sea turtle population. The lack of beach force turtles to lay their eggs in a smaller area. When humans try to stop or reduce erosion it disturbs the turtles even more. Sea walls, canals, jetties, and sandbagging are all things that are used by humans to stop erosion, but they are hurting the turtles more than they are helping them. They need dry land in order to lay their eggs and these structures are deducing land even further. Fibropapilloma Tumors are a serious threat and are beginning to show up on turtles in Hawaii and other areas with large numbers of sea turtles. They were first seen in turtles around 1930, but it wasnt until 1980 that the tumors began to show up in epidemic proportions. The green turtles were the only known species to have the tumors, but it has recently been discovered in other turtle species. The most effected areas of the world are Hawaii, Florida, and Australia. (http://www.turtles.org/threats.htm) All of these threats to turtle population are hurting their hopes of survival. But people out to help the sea turtles such as Denise Parker who works with a marine turtle program in Honolulu, Hawaii, have worked hard and the population of marine sea turtles has actually been on the rise in recent years. The turtles population is coming up from endangered and threatened to a safe number, but that isnt far enough for many who care about the turtles. They continue to help increase the population because they know they would begin to decline again if they didnt have any help. Many groups such as the Marine Turtles Research Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service are helping to restore the turtles in Hawaii. There are also many individuals whose work with the sea turtles have helped in preserving them and their natural environment. One of these people is Ken Nichols. Nichols is a supporter of turtles and he is trying to make the people aware of the environment in the Hawaiian Is lands. He feels that the most important thing we can do is conserve the wilderness and beaches from expansion. We need to educate people about the turtles especially children. When asked about how we can save the environment and the habitat of turtles as well as other species Nichols said, This is obviously a difficult task as the human population continues to grow, which means we are constantly expanding into wild areas which support bio-diversity of all types. I believe the greatest task is education of children and more efficient use of the existing areas we are using. These two ideas, are good examples of how the human race destroys the environment around them. We continue to hurt our wildlife, but there are people out there to fight against the pollution and destruction caused by large corporations and businesses. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 has helped tremendously in the battle for survival of species like the turtles in Hawaii as well as other threatened and endangered species of out planet. (http://www.fws.gov/r9end.com). This act prohibits the further destruction or death of the species. By the Endangered Species Act, citizens of the United States are prohibited from taking an endangered or threatened species, declared by the U.S. Fish and Wilidlife Service, from its environment whether on United States soil or in its waters. Punishment if caught breaking the lwas instead in this act are as follows; 25,000 dollars if caught violating the rules listed above, 12,000 forknowingly participating in the importing or exporting of such species . Any person who otherwise violates any provision of this Act, or any regulation, permit, or certificate issued hereunder, may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $500 for each such violation. (http://endangered.fws.gov/esa.html) Although this act is a great step towards the restoration of threatened and endangered species many feel the act isnt worth the money. A proposed amendment to the Endangered Species Act threatened many aspects of the project. The proposed amendment was an attempt to undermine the project of funding and political support. The amendment to section 403 of the Endangered Species Act would literally wipe out many of the endangered species protected by this bill. The sea turtles of Hawaii wouldnt stand a chance if the amendment would have passed, said supporters of the Endangered Species Act and endangered species around the world, We cant just let them take back what we have worked so hard for. Shrimp nets alone kill 55,000 turtles a year in the Hawaiian Islands. (http://www.turtles.org/threats). If the Endangered Species Act is undermined where will these endangered species turn? Some senators who support the amendments to undermine the act are back in congress for a second term and many feel the amendments to the Endangered Species Act will be brought up again and re-voted. (http://www,turtles.org/threats). Senator Slade Gorton was one supporter of the bill to undermine the Endangered Species Act. Are these accusations of inhumanity and lack of care for nature completely true about Senator Gorton? On Senator Gortons web site (http://senate.gov/~gorton), he shows his compassion for nature. A letter thanking him for his help on saving trees and several streams in his home state of Washington from the Sierra club was one such article bringing up questions of whether he was so bad. Others seem to think otherwise, but it is hard to tell without actually knowing him or all his work. Many other laws and acts have been implemented to stop the decline in population of many endangered and threatened species. One it the Marine Mammal Act, which protects the many species in our oceans. The Clean Water and Clean Air acts were also adopted to help protect these endangered species from human threats. One example of how humans have hurt many different species of animals is pesticides, especially the pesticide DDT, which was used in World War II to keep insects away from soldiers. After the war, the pesticide was brought back to the United States and used very carelessly. DDT seeped into the streams and contaminated almost every species that ate fish or other animals that had been infected with DDT. From the contaminated fish the pesticide went up the food chain and began killing off the bald eagles. After the substance DDT was nationally banned in 1973 the bald eagle has begun to make a comeback like most of the other species affected by our carelessness. (Discovery, The Bald Eagle). Just because the Bald Eagle is the symbol of our country does that mean we have more of an obligation to protect it than the sea turtles? Hopefully we will be able to stop the amendments one more time, but if they are made what will happen to the animals that depend on it? We have the obligations to protect these animals. We have placed them in this situation and it is our fault many of these species are endangered today. We cannot continue to let them slip away if we can do something about it. Many organizations are trying to keep these laws in place. Others who feel that our money should go to more worthy causes, even though we personally are responsible for the decline in many species. I think we need to support the laws that are in effect as of right now and try to get better funding for the organizations that are already in place. We dont need new laws, we need to support and help fund the ones we already have. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is one of the big organizations that helps protect the endangered species as well as helping to educate and fund other small organizations that can do their part as well. It may not be easy to get funding for programs like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but we can achieve this goal if we work hard. A good example of how we can help to preserve our endangered wildlife is we can implement a tax that will provide money to these programs. We can add a tax to companies who contribute to the destruction of our environment. For example, if a company produces pollution they should be forced to pay a tax. We can place a standard tax for all companies and corporations who do this or we can base the amount owed by the amount of pollution or amount of destruction caused by the corporation on the environment. For companies that we are unable to tell how much exactly contribute to the destruction of the environment, we can require a base sum. A starting base sum could be five hundred dollars a year for all the companies who contribute to the destroying of the Earth. We can assemble a committee of U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents to assess the amount of pollution a company produces and then a fitting cost for that pollution. It might take a little while to put this proposal into effect. If we anticipated the slow advancement of passing the law in congress it would take six or seven years to implement this law. It wouldnt take a lot of money, but definitely some money would be required. It would take several thousand to advertise if it wasnt donated by a company who felt strongly about the issue at hand. I would think an estimate of about $500,00-60,000 dollars would easily cover the expenses of advertising, salaries for workers and any other expenses. Donations and fundraisers would be used to accumulate enough money to get the support of the people. When I discussed my proposal with my friend, she felt that it was a good idea and that the organizations like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service need the money to study and set up programs to save endangered species and these programs need money. She felt it would be hard to get the bill passed because congressmen have ties with big corporations that pollute and they wouldnt have to pay fees. So most likely the proposal would be stopped. Although she didnt see the bill being passed she said that if we accumulate enough money to advertise and get the support of the people, congressmen would be forced to vote for the bill or they might not be reelected. If she has strong feelings about this subject, Im sure the majority of this society is concerned about the environment and about our future. We need to try and get funds for programs and organizations that help endangered and threatened species. Many organizations rely on donations and money from supporters. We need to find ways to get more money for these programs and the proposal of taxes on companies who pollute is just one possibility. Everyone contributes to the destruction of the environment and we all have to do our part to help the species we are killing off. Species like the Pacific Salmon, who were threatened by the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989. As well as other species like the sea turtles in Hawaii who were on the verge of extinction until a recent turn around because of help from organizations and individuals. Individuals who take the burden upon their shoulders and make it their business to make up for all the people who could care less what happens to their environment. We need to protect our environment form the people who seek to destroy it for money and success. I think the beauty of the ocean is worth saving. Every creature and every unique species is a creature worth saving. We dont have the right to kill those who arent as smart or sophisticated as us. They have just as mush right to the Earth as we do. We dont have the right to over fish herring in Alaska or cut down all the trees in rain forest s just for money and the profit these resources create.

The Role of Acupuncture in Fertility

The Role of Acupuncture in Fertility Acupuncture is a traditional medicine form that has been around for over 3000 years, originating in China and is used in to treat various health problems such as back and joint pains, relieve stress and regulate the flow of chi or energy in the body of the person that avails it. Acupuncture makes use of very thin needles inserted in different pressure points throughout your body to achieve energy flow regulation and promote health and well-being. Apart from this, the use of acupuncture has also been used to help people having problems in fertility. It can be used to help you conceive if you are having problems doing so. Over the years, more and more treatments aiming to address fertility and conception problems and help individuals and couples get pregnant. Some of these treatments have worked in one way or the other, while some have been proven to be ineffective and are eventually no longer used or prescribed. Among these treatment methods, traditional Chinese medicine procedures such as acupuncture and others are still used in the Western world and is gaining popularity for its benefits not only for helping couple in terms or fertility and conception but also for their general health status. What is Fertility? Conception? Fertility is the word that is used to denote your capacity to get pregnant (if you are a female) or impregnate (for males). It is usually connected to your capacity to perform the roles and responsibilities associated either with motherhood or fatherhood. However, the word conception is used to point out to a state when that capacity to get pregnant is taken advantage of, resulting to the creation of a fetus and therefore pregnancy. These are all part of the natural order of things and are considered to be both responsibilities and privileges as well. The Problem of Fertility and Conception One of the most exciting phases in the life of an individual is when he or she is able to procreate and bring forth a child in to the world. If you are a woman, getting pregnant usually is correlated to your sense of completeness and ability to perform your biological role of motherhood. Likewise, if you are a man, being a father confirms your virility and your ability to procreate and start a family. Therefore, conception is not only a burden and role placed upon the woman, but also upon the man as well because they have shared responsibilities in the process of conception. However, this is usually clouded when either of you are faced with problems with fertility and conception, resulting to decreased ability to get pregnant and bring forth a child. The usual problem of fertility and conception also puts a strain into a relationship, with partners focusing and stressing over the need to conceive. When you are stressed, it usually causes a disruption in the flow of your chi (or energy), and can bring about changes in how your body functions. This change in bodily function can affect levels of specific hormones that are responsible for fertility (as with ovulation in females and sperm counts and motility in males), and eventually in conception. Also, stress can also take its toll on the body by altering blood and oxygen flow to vital parts of the body that plays a role in fertility, conception and pregnancy. Moreover, lifestyle and dietary patterns have also been shown and proven to play a significant role in your fertility by altering nutritional and oxygen level and delivery to other cells of your body. By having patterns that are less than ideal, your fertility, and subsequently, capacity to get pregnant may also be affected. Fertility and Acupuncture As previously mentioned, problems with fertility or more commonly called infertility, is due to a number of causes. In females, one of the most common factors associated with fertility is the presence of spasms in the uterus and fallopian tubes and miscarriages. Acupuncture in fertility is usually used to address these problems. Also, since fertility is related to hormonal levels, acupuncture can also be used to treat problems with hormones (specifically the thyroid hormone) which are also pointed out to be root causes of infertility. This can be seen when hormones responsible for the general sense of health and well-being are being affected, creating what you call as a â€Å"feel-good† state. Likewise, acupuncture is also used as a form of treatment for people with infertility from usually unknown causes. These all help place acupuncture in the mainstream, allowing it to be used side-by-side with more medically-traditional treatments. For women, acupuncture has been seen to improve hormonal levels that are highly important for fertility such as the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. This can contribute greatly to higher chances of pregnancy, as was supported by research studies. In males, acupuncture has been seen to increase the fertility of males as it contributes to the increased number and volume of sperm cells with normal characteristics and reducing the number of defective ones. Moreover, this can also help improve sperm motility, causing it to reach its destination faster than other sperm cells. Benefits of Acupuncture in Fertility Because of its ability to realign and create a sense of normalcy in your energy flow or chi, acupuncture can bring about a lot of benefits for you as you go on your way to improving your fertility and become pregnant. As it balances those aspects of your mind and body that creates a problem in your state of fertility and ability to conceive, acupuncture combined with proper diet and a good physical environment can help you attain pregnancy. Moreover, the following aspects are also improved, contributing to increased fertility. 1. Acupuncture helps you reduce stress levels. Because of the burden you face in becoming pregnant, psychological form of stress is not uncommon. This can create a less than favorable impact on fertility since the presence of stress can lead your body to release hormones that may interrupt normal mechanisms that are related to proper ovulation and menstrual cycle. Acupuncture helps in this area by increasing the release of the hormone beta endorphin, allowing you to feel more relaxed and calm and decreasing your stress and anxiety levels. Also, because of this, the blood flowing to the uterus is improved, and oxygen and nutrient supply to the ovaries are maximized. When this happens, your menstrual cycles are regularized, ovulation cycles are normalized and fertility is improved. 2. Acupuncture increases the strength of your immune system. Sometimes, problems with fertility is caused by a problem with the immune system, making it less favorable for fertility to thrive and pregnancy to occur. Acupuncture treatments can help you treat the root cause of immune system problems and ensuring that your body is at its best possible condition necessary for fertility and conception. 3. Acupuncture can help in regulating your hormones related to fertility. As mentioned in the previous section, when you are stressed, the body decreases its release of an endorphin that is necessary in controlling pain sensation and affecting the ovulatory processes essential for fertility and conception. Hormones such as the gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the luteinizing hormone are regulated, contributing to fertility. 4. The quality of your egg cells are improved after acupuncture treatments. Because of its ability to normalize bodily functions, and in effect the function of your endocrine glands, acupuncture can help improve the quality of your egg cells, resulting to better chances of successful conception and pregnancy. Also, it has been shown that through regular treatments with acupuncture, women who are experiencing anovulatory cycles can achieve normalized menstrual cycles and that hormonal disturbances are also resolved. 5. Side effects of medications may be reduced through acupuncture treatments. One of the most common medications prescribed to older women who want to become pregnant is Clomid. However, one of this drug’s effect is the thinning of your uterine lining, decreasing your chances to successful pregnancy. Acupuncture serves a reversing agent for this by causing your uterine lining to thicken and allowing it to maintain a uniform appearance and functioning. Because of this, blood flow to the arteries in the uterus is improved, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to be distributed to the uterus and its linings which are conducive to promoting fertility and pregnancy. 6. Acupuncture may be used concomitantly with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) for better success rates. Because of its capacity to increase and improve blood flow to the uterus, acupuncture is often used as a concomitant therapy to IVF. This is because acupuncture is seen to cause a thickening in the uterine lining that is rich in oxygen and nutrients, and also by causing this lining to be more uniform in structure. Blood flow to the ovaries are also increased, ensuring better quality of the egg cells. 7. Uterine contractions are decreased. During implantation, there is a tendency for your uterus to contract, which may cause you to lose the pregnancy. Acupuncture treatments, when given regularly, may help in reducing these contractions during implantation, allowing the embryo to grow and become a fetus that can carry on to term. 8. Acupuncture also helps fertility in males too. This is because with acupuncture, sperm appearance, count and motility is increased. The above-mentioned benefits of acupuncture in fertility may be achieved through regular treatments and observance of modalities that are set in place to ensure that you can best take advantage of the role of acupuncture in pregnancy.

Martin Luther: Influential Preacher and Reformist :: Biography Biographies Essays

Martin Luther: Influential Preacher and Reformist Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany, the son of Hans Luther, who worked in the copper mines, and his wife Margarethe. He went to school at Magdeburg and Eisenach, and entered the University of Erfurt in 1501, graduating with a BA in 1502 and an MA in 1505. His father wished him to be a lawyer, but Luther was drawn to the study of the scriptures, and spent three years in the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt. In 1507 he was ordained a priest, and went to the University of Wittenberg, where he lectured on philosophy and the Scriptures, becoming a powerful and influential preacher. On a mission to Rome in 1510--11 he was appalled by the corruption he found there. Money was greatly needed at the time for the rebuilding of St. Peter's, and papal emissaries sought everywhere to raise funds by the sale of indulgences. The system was grossly abused, and Luther's indignation at the shameless traffic, carried on in particular by the Dominican Johann Tetzel, became irrepressible. As professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg (1512--46), he began to preach the doctrine of salvation by faith rather than works; and on 31 October 1517 drew up a list of 95 theses on indulgences denying the pope any right to forgive sins, and nailed them on the church door at Wittenberg. Tetzel retreated from Saxony to Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, where he published a set of counter- theses and burnt Luther's. The Wittenberg students retaliated by burning Tetzel's, and in 1518 Luther was joined in his views by Melanchthon. The pope, Leo X, at first took little notice of this disturbance, but in 1518 summoned Luther to Rome to answer for his theses. His university and the elector interfered, and ineffective negotiations were undertaken by Cardinal Cajetan and by Miltitz, envoy of the pope to the Saxon court. The scholar Johann Eck and Luther held a memorable disputation at Leipzig (1519); and Luther began to attack the papal system more boldly. In 1520 he published his famous address An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation (Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation), followed by a treatise De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium (A Prelude concerning the Babylonian Captivity of the Church), which also attacked the doctrinal system of the Church of Rome. A papal bull containing 41 theses was issued against him. He burned it before a multitude of doctors, students, and citizens in Wittenberg. He was excommunicated, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, convened the first Diet at Worms in 1521, before which Luther was called to retract his teachings.

Essays --

Moral Implications in the Cuban Missile Crisis Morality has been a constant in the foreign policy of the United States of America (U.S.A.). When it comes to the affairs of the world the U.S.A usually tries to make things right and stop evil. Some of the examples of morality playing a role in America’s decisions in foreign policy are the decision to combat the Barbary pirates, the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and most recently, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. One thing that all of these situations have in common is that it involved the United States basically saying that she would not stand for immorality. One story that has not been investigated is the â€Å"morality element† card and the role of that variable in the choosing of a strategy in the Cuban Missile Crisis. This paper will examine the â€Å"morality element† and how by concentrating on that element the U.S.A successfully brought the Cuban Missile Crisis to an end. Cold War Reaches Boiling Point From 1945 to 1961, this â€Å"war† had some tense moments, but the Cold War hit its boiling point in 1962 with the Cuban Missile Crisis. During this time, John F. Kennedy was the leader of the United States while Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union. When tensions began to rise in October 1962 these two men would decide whether the world would live to see another day or the world cease to exist. In regards to the Soviet Union and the threat of nuclear war, Kennedy stated that â€Å"[t[o be an American in the next decade will be a hazardous experience. [This nation] will live on the edge of danger. Freedom and communism are locked in a deadly embrace.† Kennedy would also state in his Inaugural Address that the United States w... ...iet Union now had missiles in countries that were very close to them. If the U.S. made the Soviet Union angry or vice versa then the world could be in danger of ceasing to exist. The next part of the Cuban Missile Crisis was very crucial to saving the future of the world. The Soviets Are Caught Red Handed As stated previously, the U.S. did not know about the missiles in Cuba, but that would change very quickly. One of the most crucial days of the Cuban Missile Crisis was October 13th, 1962. On this day, a U-2 plane flew over Cuba and took some photographs before returning safely to Florida where these photographs were developed, so that the U.S. could find out exactly what the Soviet Union was doing in Cuba. The information in these photographs was stunning. Basically what these photographs revealed was the missiles that had been put in Cuba by the Soviet Union.

Explaining Laws in Special Relativity :: Science Mathematics Papers

Explaining Laws in Special Relativity Wesley Salmon has suggested that the two leading views of scientific explanation, the â€Å"bottom-up† view and the â€Å"top-down† view, describe distinct types of explanation. In this paper, I focus on theoretical explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of physical laws. Using explanations of E=mc2, I argue that the distinction between bottom-up explanations (BUEs) and top-down explanations (BUEs) is best understood as a manifestation of a deeper distinction, found originally in Newton’s work, between two levels of theory. I use Einstein’s distinction between ‘principle’ and ‘constructive’ theories to argue that only lower level theories, i.e., ‘constructive’ theories, can yield BUEs. These explanations, furthermore, depend on higher level laws that receive only TDEs from a ‘principle’ theory. Thus, I conclude that Salmon’s challenge to characterize the relationship between the two types of explanation can be met only by recognizing the close relationship between types of theoretical explanation and the structure of physical theory. The two leading views of scientific explanation, Salmon’s â€Å"bottom-up† view and the Friedman-Kitcher â€Å"top-down† view, give what appear to be prima facie incompatible characterizations of scientific explanation. According to the bottom-up view, we explain a given phenomenon when we uncover the underlying causal mechanisms that are responsible for its occurrence. The top-down view, on the other hand, maintains that we explain a phenomenon by deriving it from the general principles or laws that best unify our knowledge. In this paper, I focus on theoretical explanations in physics, i.e., explanations of physical laws. I first show that, as Salmon suggests (1989, p. 180-182), it seems promising to treat these two approaches not so much as different views about explanation but rather as descriptions of two distinct types of scientific explanations; there are clear cases of laws that have bottom-up explanations (BUEs) while others receive only top-down exp lanations (TDEs). I then argue, using explanations of mass-energy equivalence in Special Relativity (SR), that this disparity (why should some laws receive only TDEs after all?) is best understood as a symptom of a deeper distinction, first introduced by Newton, between two levels of physical theory. At one level, there is the collection of general principles and definitions of physical terms, i.e., a theoretical framework, from which one derives general constraints for all physical processes. At a lower level, there are laws that identify and describe specific physical interactions like gravitation and electromagnetism.

Human Resource Management Notes

09/06/11 Human Resource Management Notes #1 A. Management vs. Leadership: ManagementLeadership Planning and Budgeting * What do we need? * How much time/money? | Establishing Direction: * What do you see? * What’s your vision? | Organizing/Staffing * Hiring the right people * Or delegating tasks | Aligning People: * Target followers * Share ideas/vision| Controlling and Problem-Solving * Keeping things working * Or addressing Issues| Motivating and Inspiring * Convince others * Get them on board| Maintain Predictability and Order * Monitor progress * Achieve results| Produce Change * End Result|B. We watched the video and took notes on the idiosyncratic conductor’s leadership and management style relating to his orchestras. The Four Interpreations of Organizational Processe HRM Notes #2 A. What is the Four Frames? i. The Four Frames is a method developed by Lee G Bolman and Terrence E. Deal by which organizational situations are viewed. This analytical tool reveals the veiled aspects of an organization’s dynamics B. What are the Four Frames? 1. Structural Frame 2. Human Resource Frame 3. Political Frame 4. Symbolic Frame C. Characteristics of the Four Frames: Structural * Metaphor = a machine * All about division of labor * Delegating roles * Involves a clear hierarchy * Exact processes * Setting Goals * Human Resources * Metaphor = a family * Open communication * Grow/Improve Skills * Identify bias/limitations * Resolve conflicts * Informal relationships * Political * Metaphor = Jungle * Competition * Power * Scarce resources * Bargaining * Advocating/forming coalition * Symbolic * Metaphor = Temple * Values * Rituals * Image * Brand * Culture * Heroes * Meaning * Intuition D. Processes: * Strategic Planning: Structural = strategeties to set objectives and coordinate resources * Human Resources = Gathering to promote participation * Political = Arenas to air conflicts and realign power * Symbolic = Ritual to signal responsibility, produce symbols, negotiate meanings * Decision-Making: * Structural = Rational sequence to produce right decision * Human Resources = Open process to produce commitment * Political = Opportunity to gain or exercise power * Symbolic = Ritual to confirm values and provide opportunities for bonding * Reorganizing: Structural = Realign roles and responsibilities to fit tasks and environment * Human Resources = Maintain balance between human needs and formal roles * Political = Redistribute power and form new coalitions * Symbolic = Maintain image of accountability and responsiveness; negotiate new social orer * Evaluating: * Structural = Ways to distribute rewards or penalties and control performance * Human Resources = A process for helping individuals grow and improve * Political = Opportunity to exercise power * Symbolic = Occasion to play roles in shared ritual * Approaching conflict: Structural = Maintain organizational goals by having authorities resolve conflict * Human Resources = Devel op relationships by having individuals confront conflict * Political = Develop power by bargaining, forcing, or manipulating others to win * Symbolic = Develop shared values and use conflict to negotiate meaning * Goal Setting: * Structural = Keep organization headed in right direction * Human Resources = Keep people involved and communication open * Political = Provide opportunity for individuals and groups to make interests known * Symbolic = Develop symbols and shared values * Communication: Structural = Transmit facts and information * Human Resources = Exchange information, needs, and feelings * Political = Influence or manipulate others * Symbolic = Tell stories * Meetings: * Structural = Formal occasions for making decisions * Human Resources = Informal occasions for involvement, sharing feelings * Political = Competitive occasions to win points * Symbolic = Sacred occasions to celebrate and transform culture * Motivation: * Structural = Economic incentives * Human Resources = Growth and self-actualization * Political = Coercion, manipulation, and seduction * Symbolic = symbols and celebration

Benefit and compensation system of Google Essay

Google Inc. is an Ameri toilette international organization that provides net carry back related products and service. Cloud computing, advertising technologies, and their depend engine atomic number 18 among the close prevalent services that they tolerate. Google recently ranked forty-sixth on the 2014 Fortune 500 companies and fore around on Fortune 500s silk hat places to consort for. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry P term and Sergey Brin who met at Stanford University and is based step forward of Mountain View, California. Google began in a store sixteen years ago and forthwith has over 48,000 employees and is angiodecadesin converting enzyme of the worlds engineering leaders. CNN Money has it ranked as number 1 on rock of most general employers by melodic phrase and engineering majors. College students worldwide dream of out scar their cargoners at Google (cnn.com). A large expose of the reason that Google ranks so highly among lists of popular employers i s due to their competitive requital strategy.Google is cognize non only for their innovative technology breakthroughs but as well their innovative salary policies. Google Human Resources performed a survey to subside what type of expire is preferred by its employees such(prenominal) as base pay or tributees. Weve heard from your feedback on Googlegeist and new(prenominal)wise surveys that salary is more than in-chief(postnominal) to you than whatsoever other component of pay (i.e., bonus and equity). To address that, were moving a portion of your bonus into your base salary, so now its income you can count on on, every meter you get your paycheck (ib snips.com). Managing Human Resources and compensation strategies effectively is live to organizations within the modern and fast paced blood line world. Google had created a strategic compensation that gives them a competitive utility among their competitors by attracting, retaining, and motive highly talented empl oyees.Googles compensation system has all the bring ins you would expect from a Fortune 500 organization such as health indemnity programs and seclusion plans. Google sets itself a eccentric from the competition by move outering services and discretional realizes that argon not standard. These services include perks such as employees be allowed to bring their pets to lam and deportee services that pick up and sack off employees at family line. Google believes in a fun informal purlieu beca social occasion it leads to more engaged, happy, and productive personnel and they recognize up utilize umteen practices that reflect this ideology. Liane Hornsey, the Google VP of operations, believes that the work aliveness balance is all-important(a) to their employees and implements policies to chequer that workers pass a healthy balance.Liane explains that the company is ending concentrate, not detail focused. In other words, they dont monitor what date employees arrive or keep railing of sick days (centerforworklife.com) Google offers flexible work hours, part while work options, and teleworking for certain jobs to allow employees freedom to have a social and home life. Google has set a strategy to provide a workplace that people want to work at and have gave substantial cause to achieve this remainder. Their HR and compensation practices produce impressive results of the organizations draw close which increases employee productivity.Core compensation is very important and has a large impact on employees attitude and performance. Google focuses on recognize exceptional performance as wellhead as training in feeble atomic number 18as for underperformers. Performance management is performed quarterly and Google puts all-inclusive focus on this area because they are performance driven. Performance appraisals are important because Google uses pay-for-performance bonuses as a large part of their compensation strategy. Much like most other o rganizations there is an increase in total compensation in ossification to the levels of responsibilities and leadership. Individual incentives, group incentives, and profit share programs are used at Google which gives employees a financial reward when their profit goal is achieved. Payscale.com reports that Google Inc. typically pays their employees 11% above the securities industry pay line. This is 3% higher than their exact competition in the market.Paid time off is one type of discretionary benefit that Google offers benefits above the standard in the market. They offer unlimited sick impart due to the fact that they are focused on performance and production and avow on performance reviews to determine an employees voices. Google similarly provides employees with 27 days of give time off after one year ofemployment. They also recognize the richness of child birth and offer 18 weeks of maternity leave for an employee that has a child. Google also offers paternity leav e to fathers which allow young-begetting(prenominal) employees to use up to 7 weeks of leave to spend with their newborn. During this time off employees cod their full annual base pay while they are at home with their child.Google offers employees health insurance programs that cover employee dependents as well. Its health care plan is unmistakably generous and even pays for gender-reassignment surgery including seventh cranial nerve feminization for transgender women (forbes.com). Google also has a medico on site at furnish in Mountain View, CA. This allows for employees to simply offer across the campus to see a adulterate if they are not feeling well. This eliminates employees having to swing work and make a special(prenominal) trip to a physician when they are not feeling well. Some sensual therapy services and chiropractic services are offered as well for the convenience of the employee.Google also offers employer sponsored seclusion programs such as 401K and IRA. G oogle paralleles employee donations to their defined contribution plans at a rate of up to 50%. This is well above the bonnie as many organizations only match up to 6% of contributions. Googles HR department sends emails to employees to encourage them to set high-pressure savings goals. If you implore an employee to contribute $8,000 to his solitude rather than, say, $2,000, hell tend to bring through more, even if he cant afford $8,000 (rd.com). This allows employees to feel secure in their future retirement income as Google helps to ensure that they will have a competent retirement benefit plan.Protection programs are another form of discretionary benefit that Google offers in innovative and unprecedented ways. In addition to standard life insurance that employees are fitting to touch, they also prevail additional life insurance benefits from flat from Google. If an employee passes away Google has created a policy that the departed employees spouse will receive half of their salary for the next ten years. If the deceased employee had a child indeed Google will compensate that child in the amount of $1000 per month until the age of 19 or the age of 23 if they are a full time college student.The type of benefit that Google is most cognise for are services. This type of discretionary benefit helps companies create a competitive advantage in the market by self-aggrandising perks to employees which helps attract and retain whole tone employees. They offer transportation services in the bay laurel area with Wi-Fi enable trollies that pick up employees to take to work and drop them off at their residence after work is completed. Another service they offer are nap pods for the ability to relax and take brief naps at work so they are reenergized for work. Google also provides tuition reimbursement services that encourage employees to continue their education at the expense of their employer. This will continue to better employee production and continu e to increase the care for of the worker which benefits the employer and employee. There is also an on-the-spot(prenominal) fitness center that is complete with weights, individualized trainers, and yoga instructors so that employees have the time to reckon and relieve stress while at work. The fitness center is also equipt with a full size slug pool and rock climbing wall for alternative exercise methods.There are also free recreational p pickle of ground rooms where employees can play games such as pool, foosball, Ping-Pong and arcade games. This promotes a social atmosphere and strengthens the team impression while relieving stress and improving team spirit as well. Google has Segways that are addressable for employees to use at any time which allows them to voyage around the campus atmosphere quicker and in a more entertaining way. They also have beach volleyball games and scroll hockey in the parking lot twice a week.Hair salons with beauticians and barbers are read ily available any time an employee would like a haircut at work. iodin of the most popular services that Google offers is a free cafeteria for all employees. Workers are able to enjoy quality gourmet nutrition for lunch at their convenience and it does not cost them anything. Google is also offers free inunct changes, car washes, legal consultation among many more services that are available to any employee. These services are a unmatched compensation strategy that proves onus compensation is not always the most important benefit to an occupation.Google has a unique vision and has implemented unique compensation strategies that have been met with overwhelming success of attracting and retaining the highest quality employees available in the market. Most employers can learnfrom the strategy used by Google by making the work environment as fun and friendly as possible because that is an environment that produces highly do employees that will want to perform to the best of their abilities. The bottom line is directly bear upon by employee turnover and employee production and a compensation strategy such as Google Inc.s has proven to affect those areas in a positive way.Works Cited second-rate earnings for Google, Inc. Employees. _Google, Inc. Company Salary Data, average Employee Salaries_. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.Americas go by Companies For honorarium And Benefits. _Forbes_. Forbes Magazine, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.Emerson, Ramona. Googles trounce Benefits The Top 7 Perks Google Offers Employees. _The Huffington Post_. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 30 Jan. 2012. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.Google. _Fortune_. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.Googles HR Practices Explained. _Googles HR Practices Explained_. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.Google Overview, Company civilization And History. _About_. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.Googles 10% Salary Increase, $1000 Cash Bonus partially of Companys competitive Compensation Plan _International Business Times_. N.p., n.d . Web. 26 Sept. 2014.How Google Became the Best out to Work. _Readers Digest_. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 214.How Google Motivates Their Employees with Rewards and Perks. _HubPages_.N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.Work life-time Balance Elephant Theory, Logic Based handling on Work Life. _Center For Work Life_. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.