Chinese Kinship Systems Essay -- China Chinese Kin Kinship Essays

Chinese Kinship SystemsWorks Cited MissingIt would be impossible to disagree with the statement that Chinese kinship is based on male predominance. In fact this statement may even be under-emphasizing the control and absolute power that males wield across all levels of Chinese society. Of course, where their power initially comes from though, is finished the family or termed differently the jia. It is this extended or type family that cultivates the consistent patrilineal form of control/descent and dictates that residence in said jia is primarily patrilocal. That being said, what I hope to be able to create over the following pages is a clearer understanding of the ideal (Chinese) system of control. This ideal system,based on the ideal of male predominance, is outlined impeccably in the writings of Baker, Wat news and Xiaotong. There are also excellent examples of an ideal jia and its power structure in Wolfs ethnography, The House of Lim. But Wolfs ethnography also outlines examp les whereby the ideal system of dominance is not always put into go for or is just not as smooth running as the writings of the 3 former anthropologists would have you believe. It is my aim then, to include examples of a antiquated system encountering problems and realities that are difficult to explain in an ideal sense.There is slender doubt, according to Baker, that the first and foremost aspect to understanding Chinese families and society at large is the importance placed on male relationships and descent that is traced through a male line. In contrast, women in Chinese society were given little thought and even less power. They were to be used as reproducers of the male line and to aid in home/farm labour, apart from this women had only itty-bitty amounts of power and responsibility. In fact, the patriarchal system demanded that a wifes only connection with her husbands family be through the husband himself. Her upcoming then, was caught up with his and her sons only, and she is expected to see her husbands interests as paramount in importance (Baker, 1979).Yet, women and childbirth, were essential to the continuation of the patrilineal system, which started with the birth of a son or sons to any kinship system be they peasant or gentry class. It was considered vitally important in Chinese society, that a wife vent a son as soon as possible not only for the... ...cumstances would be in Chieng-cuas position is equable alive and immediately has a son (Lim A-bok) who is contributing a full share to the family budget. Undoubtedly this ambiguity in structure of the family influences the attitudes of Lim A-pou and her son.This ambiguity was the eventual death of the united Lim family. Walls were mounted, positions dissolved and property/wealth were divided up as equally as possible. It was not though, the death of the patrilineal system. Patrilocal residence would continue for all of the Lim (future) families, transmitted worship would also continue and male dominance and gender inequality would still reign supreme. In fact very little underneath the locate or socially would change at all, the family would remain a residential and economic unit composed primarily of males. And in order to reproduce itself it would still be forced to import women as brides, and dispose of females born into it by marrying them off to other families. Finally, it would continue to lay heavy stress on relationships through males, and tended to play down those through females, while there was an accompanying stress on the importance of men as opposed to women (Baker, 1979).

Brave New World - A Letter to Mr. Huxley :: essays papers

Brave New World - A Letter to Mr. HuxleyDear Mr. Huxley During the retiring(a) few weeks my class and I have been reading your book, Brave New World. While reading your book I have discovered a few captivating issues. These issues include the destruction of the family, the use of drugs, and polygamy (obligatory sex). These issues atomic number 18 interesting because of their implications in life today, and the frequent times they are shown in the book. The ways they are used to control people and make their life easier, and the fact that our world seems to be falling into the same state. The destruction of the family an important issue to me personally because of the relevance it has to my life and to our changing world. The fact that the words mother, father, etc are considered pornographic is particularly interesting. The family in Brave New World is replaced with bottles, nurses, conditioning, and life training. These changes allow for a more than easily controlled individual. By not allowing a person to have or develop relationships that person is more receptive to his predestined path and more agreeable to follow the group. The destruction of the family is also an issue in todays world. Devoice and pregnancy before marriage is destroying the Family. These things are causing children to grow up with out whole families and in some cases without any family. This worries me because I dont want our world to end up the same as the one(a) in Brave New World. The issue of Use of Drugs is a personal favourite. While the idea of a perfect drug that has no side effectuate and doesnt leave you with a hangover is intriguing. The way it is used in the book is disturbing. The drug in the book is used to keep people from having any unwanted emotions they are conditioned to spend most of at that place free time on soma (the drug). This causes them not to have much time to call up about anything, which makes them more content to spend their life doing just what there told and making them a controlled individual with no real power over there own life (a slave). The use of drugs is a big issue in our world today.

An Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen Essay -- Essays Papers

An Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen When children first start naturalize they begin a refreshed extensive journey, first meeting all unused people and then having to learn a broad array of new things. One of those new things is how to read and also write. Teachers start out slow by having students write in big capital letters on derisory looking red and green striped paper, next moving on to cursive letters with still that same silly paper. After a goldbrick-circuit while the students are on their own, writing notes for classes, notes to friends and family, along with research papers and stories for their instructors in schooltime. And that is where my story begins, room 216 on the second floor of Pottsville Area spicy School. School had just started it was the fall of my sophomore year. I was excited about having new instructors and being able to boss around those little freshmen since I had at last lost that ridiculous title of freshy. Although one class did t urn all that excitement right into knots in my stomach, it was English 10. Ugh I hated English, partially because I could never remember all those rules of writing, which I had just thought of as dumb. I figured, Why would I ever need to know all them? Computers volition be able to fix all my mistakes for me As I would soon find out, boy was I ever wrong. Surprisingly, class was going good our teacher Mr. Mieckowski seemed to be a little weird and quite boring at times but all in all not too dark I mean who isnt boring occasionally? He had a shiny head with very little hair and never wore long sleeves to class. He was also quite tall and skinny, so everyone had his or her own conclusion about Mr. Mieckowskis personal life. A lot of the time this ended up being the topic of conversation for his students, along with his hatred towards icicle lights, white reindeer, and especially technology the thing I loved most. We spent most of the first calendar calendar month in Mr. M.s cla ss just going over the infamous page one as he liked to call it and just interpretation some great pieces of literature, including Of Mice and Men and Julius Caesar. Then one winter day, we all came into his cool green room and sat down, chatting with our neighbors as usual until the bell rang to hold still for the start of class. When the bell rang, our teacher began talking about our upcoming assignments he told us we would be writing 3 essays during the next ... .... My faced turned pale, I knew for sure I was one of those overleapions. He began to discretely pass our papers back to us. Everyone was getting his or her papers debar me. Sure enough I was on the bottom of the pile. I didnt even want to look at it. While everyone was asking their friends how they had done, I just sat there. Griff then asked me how I did and I replied, I dunno, you tell me and handed him my paper. He looked at it and said, Damn you beat me I was shocked I looked at it I had received a 97%. I just felt as though I wanted to jump out of my seat and scream. I would have had a 100 except for a few spelling errors, probably due to how fast I had written the final copy. Disregarding those lost 3 points, I was ecstatic. My paper was a work of art to me I wanted to frame it and hang it on my wall at that point. As time went on that excitement wore off and I realized it just wasnt a paper I had written, it was a story along with an instructional guide I had written in my brain on how to write a paper. From that point on I knew I could tackle any paper those teachers could throw at me and it was all thanks to Mr. Mieckowski and his inspirationally destructive red pen. An Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen Essay -- Essays PapersAn Inspirationally Destructive Red Pen When children first start school they begin a new extensive journey, first meeting all new people and then having to learn a broad array of new things. One of those new things is how to read and also write. Teachers start out slow by having students write in big capital letters on peculiar(a) looking red and green striped paper, next moving on to cursive letters with still that same silly paper. After a short while the students are on their own, writing notes for classes, notes to friends and family, along with research papers and stories for their teachers in school. And that is where my story begins, room 216 on the second floor of Pottsville Area uplifted School. School had just started it was the fall of my sophomore year. I was excited about having new teachers and being able to boss around those little freshmen since I had in the end lost that ridiculous title of freshy. Although one class did turn all that excitement right into knots in my stomach, it was English 10. Ugh I hated English, partially because I could never remember all those rules of writing, which I had just thought of as dumb. I figured, Why would I ever need to know all them? Computers depart be a ble to fix all my mistakes for me As I would soon find out, boy was I ever wrong. Surprisingly, class was going good our teacher Mr. Mieckowski seemed to be a little weird and quite boring at times but all in all not too risky I mean who isnt boring occasionally? He had a shiny head with very little hair and never wore long sleeves to class. He was also quite tall and skinny, so everyone had his or her own conclusion about Mr. Mieckowskis personal life. A lot of the time this ended up being the topic of conversation for his students, along with his hatred towards icicle lights, white reindeer, and especially technology the thing I loved most. We spent most of the first month in Mr. M.s class just going over the infamous page one as he liked to call it and just construe some great pieces of literature, including Of Mice and Men and Julius Caesar. Then one winter day, we all came into his cool green room and sat down, chatting with our neighbors as usual until the bell rang to stand for the start of class. When the bell rang, our teacher began talking about our upcoming assignments he told us we would be writing 3 essays during the next ... .... My faced turned pale, I knew for sure I was one of those exceptions. He began to discretely pass our papers back to us. Everyone was getting his or her papers except me. Sure enough I was on the bottom of the pile. I didnt even want to look at it. While everyone was asking their friends how they had done, I just sat there. Griff then asked me how I did and I replied, I dunno, you tell me and handed him my paper. He looked at it and said, Damn you beat me I was shocked I looked at it I had received a 97%. I just felt as though I wanted to jump out of my seat and scream. I would have had a 100 except for a few spelling errors, probably due to how fast I had written the final copy. Disregarding those lost 3 points, I was ecstatic. My paper was a work of art to me I wanted to frame it and hang it on my wall at that p oint. As time went on that excitement wore off and I realized it just wasnt a paper I had written, it was a story along with an instructional guide I had written in my judging on how to write a paper. From that point on I knew I could tackle any paper those teachers could throw at me and it was all thanks to Mr. Mieckowski and his inspirationally destructive red pen.

The Four Humors :: European Europe History

The Four HumorsMedieval doctors had quite an understanding of the human anatomy, considering their lack of equipment and knowledge. Most doctors in medieval times were philosophers oftentimes than actual medical doctors as most people know them today. Much of the knowledge they did acquire may have only been speculation, but quite a bit of it was due to concentrated observation. Many scientists studied wounds and diseases intensely and one scientist in particular, Empedocles, came to the conclusion that that body consists of four main fluids, or humors. These humors were yellow bile, shameful bile, phlegm and blood. If one of these components was out of proportion in the body, disease occurred. The imbalance was c entirelyed isonomia, an idea which was also proposed by the Greek scientist Empedocles. Empedocles followed the Pythagorean school of natural philosophers alternatively than the Hippocratic school as most other physicians in the time did. He felt people must use their s enses, even though they be not thoroughly reliable at all times. The other schools preferred more mystic ideas as opposed to natural ones. He also hypothesized that all substances and objects were made up of air, fire, water, and earth in different proportions. His proposal of the four humors of the body was later accepted by the Hippocratic school. Each of Empedocles four humors was attached to one of the four seasons. Black bile was considered to be a part of autumn, blood was associated with spring, phlegm with winter and summer with yellow bile. Each humor was set with its corresponding season due to the belief that each humor contained certain qualities. These qualities were closely related to the conditions of the seasons. Thus yellow bile was thought of as desirous and dry like summer. Its opposite, phlegm was cold and moist like winter. Black Bile was cold and dry, while its opposite, blood, was hot and moist, like their counterparts, autumn and spring. As easy as being connected with seasons, the four humors were also linked to four elements of nature. Black bile was associated with Earth, blood with air, fire with yellow bile and phlegm with water. This supposition of nature and the body being interrelated was also proposed by Empedocles. Also each of these was also connected with the type of personality one presented. Too much earth made a person melancholic, which meant they were very depressed and saddened often.

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark Essay -- Education Educa

The Prime of missy Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark send away Brodie fails to be a good teacher because she teaches on her own accord, gives her students wrong impressions, and displays amateurish behavior towards her staff and pupils.As a schoolteacher in Edinburgh during the 1930s there were legion(predicate) rules and regulations that teachers had to adhere to in order to successfully feed the minds of their childly pupils. Schoolteachers had more of a responsibility during this period than today because school was the only source of information and education that people could receive. Due to this fact, the government set uncompromising policies and curriculums (and still do) that teachers must follow so that students could grow up to become well round individuals. fall behind Brodie seemed to side step, insult or simply displace some of the curriculum that was given, and teach her students on her own conditions. An example of this is when Miss Brodie is telling the girls that s he and Miss MacKay befool a radical difference in their principals of education. Miss Brodie has told Miss MacKay that the girls will be equipped with the necessary information needed to pass the end of term exams. After she says this to the headmistress, Miss Brodie says to the girlsI trust you girls to institute hard and try to scrape through (the exams), even if you learn the stuff and forget it the next day. This statement is telling the girls that she does not weigh in the infallible curriculum and she wouldnt care if they have forgot it after their exams. She only wants the girls to study of these exams so that she can have an excuse to boast to Miss MacKay, seeing the girls do well in them is not her primary concern.Another example of Miss Brodie teaching on her own accord was her lesson under the Elm tree where she told her students just about her holiday in Egypt. It is evident that Miss Brodie is pretending to teach her students but trying to make it quit believable f or all who look upon her shaded class when she says to her students delay up your books, prop them up in you hands, in case of any intruders, we are doing out history lessonour poetryEnglish grammar. Although Miss Brodies lessons were roughly educational and her students learnt new concepts and ideas, the schools during that time would not allow freestyle teaching because it made the students too reprehensive. By sett... ...f lust with Mr. Lloyd only creates a poor image for the students to have of her. Miss Brodies hostility toward Miss MacKay also demonstrates her inability to maintain a professional manner. She is constantly telling her students indirectly the she does not like Miss MacKay through various tactics. When Miss Brodie lashes out to Miss Mackay for trying to make her resign, she makes matters worse for herself because is only creates more tension and frustration between the two teachers. Miss Brodie unprofessional manner and inability to maintain her lust gives good reason for why she is a poor teacher.As a person, Miss Brodie does have many positive qualities that she seems to have used in the classroom. Her students did take interest in her teaching, but only because they were so different from what they were used to. Miss Brodie was a very(prenominal) smart and well-traveled woman, which was another positive aspect that she brought to her classroom. However her inability to teach the given curriculum, giving her students wrong impressions, and her numerous affairs and arguments with the staff leads one to believe that even though Miss Brodie was in her prime, she was still a poor teacher.

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark Essay -- Education Educa

The Prime of break away Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark get away Brodie fails to be a good teacher because she teaches on her own accord, gives her students wrong impressions, and displays amateurish behavior towards her staff and pupils.As a schoolteacher in Edinburgh during the 1930s there were numerous rules and regulations that teachers had to adhere to in order to successfully feed the minds of their immature pupils. Schoolteachers had more of a responsibility during this period than today because school was the only source of information and education that people could receive. Due to this fact, the government set grim policies and curriculums (and still do) that teachers must follow so that students could grow up to become well round individuals. except Brodie seemed to side step, insult or simply turn out some of the curriculum that was given, and teach her students on her own conditions. An example of this is when Miss Brodie is telling the girls that she and Miss MacKay construct a radical difference in their principals of education. Miss Brodie has told Miss MacKay that the girls will be equipped with the necessary information needed to pass the end of term exams. After she says this to the headmistress, Miss Brodie says to the girlsI trust you girls to rifle hard and try to scrape through (the exams), even if you learn the stuff and forget it the next day. This statement is telling the girls that she does not suppose in the needful curriculum and she wouldnt care if they have forgot it after their exams. She only wants the girls to study of these exams so that she can have an excuse to boast to Miss MacKay, seeing the girls do well in them is not her primary concern.Another example of Miss Brodie teaching on her own accord was her lesson under the Elm tree where she told her students nearly her holiday in Egypt. It is evident that Miss Brodie is pretending to teach her students but trying to make it quit believable for all who look upon her shaded class when she says to her students curtail up your books, prop them up in you hands, in case of any intruders, we are doing out history lessonour poetryEnglish grammar. Although Miss Brodies lessons were around educational and her students learnt new concepts and ideas, the schools during that time would not allow freestyle teaching because it made the students too reprehensive. By sett... ...f lust with Mr. Lloyd only creates a poor image for the students to have of her. Miss Brodies hostility toward Miss MacKay also demonstrates her inability to maintain a professional manner. She is constantly telling her students indirectly the she does not like Miss MacKay through various tactics. When Miss Brodie lashes out to Miss Mackay for trying to make her resign, she makes matters worse for herself because is only creates more tension and frustration between the two teachers. Miss Brodie unprofessional manner and inability to maintain her lust gives good reason for why she is a poor teacher.As a person, Miss Brodie does have many positive qualities that she seems to have used in the classroom. Her students did take interest in her teaching, but only because they were so different from what they were used to. Miss Brodie was a truly smart and well-traveled woman, which was another positive aspect that she brought to her classroom. However her inability to teach the given curriculum, giving her students wrong impressions, and her numerous affairs and arguments with the staff leads one to believe that even though Miss Brodie was in her prime, she was still a poor teacher.

Garner v. Tennessee Case

A typesetters case in which the court ruled that a Tennessee vaporizeing felon law of nature was un thoroughgoing beca ingestion it legitimize the use of fiendishly compel by jurisprudence force when a laughable poses no immediate nemesis to the police or others. The court ruled that the use of blistering force was a Fourth Amendment seizure issue beat to a finding of reasonableness. Father, whose unarmed son was fit by police military officer as son was fleeing from the burglary of an unoccupied house, brought wrongful death action under the federal civil right code against the police officer who fired the snap bean, the police department and others. The United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee, Harry W. Wellford, J. , after remand, rendered judgement for defendant, and father appealed. The Court of Appeal for the Sixth Circuit, and remanded. Certiorari was granted.The independent Court held that apprehension by use of plaguey force is a seizure subject to the Fourth Amendments reasonableness requirement deadly force whitethorn not be used unless it is necessary to prevent the escape and the officer has probable cause to believe that the mirthful poses a signifi cleart threat of death or ripe physical injury to the officer or others Tennessee statute under authority of which police officer fired fatal shot was unconstitutional because it authorized use of deadly force against apparently unarmed, non dangerous fleeing suspect the fact that unarmed suspect had broken into a dwelling at night did not automatically mean that he was dangerous. At ab by 1045 p. m.on October 3, 1974, Memphis Police Officers Elton Hymon and Leslie Wright were dispatched to answer a prowler inside call.The fleeing suspect, who was appellee-respondents decedent, Edward gather up, stopped at a 6-feet-high chain link fence at the edge of he yard. With the aid of a flashlight, Hymon was able to see granarys face and hands. He saw no sign of weapon, and, though not certain, was jolly sure and figured that gather was unarmed, He belief Garner was 17 or 18 years of age and about 55 or 57 tall. While Garner was crouched at the fence, Hymon called out Police and took a few steps toward him. Garner then began to climb over the fence. Convinced that if Garner made it over the fence he would ran away, Hymon shot him.The bullet hit Garner in the back of the head. Garner was taken to a hospital, where he was pronounce dead on the operating table. Ten dollars and a purse taken from the house were found on his body. In using deadly force to prevent the escape , Hymon was acting under the authority of a Tennessee statute and pursuant to Police Department policy. The statute provides that if, after notice of the intention to arrest the defendant, he either flee, or forcibly resist, the officer whitethorn use all necessary representation to affect the arrest. The District Court concluded that Hymons action were authorized by the Tennessee statute, which in turn was constitutional.Hymon had employed the only reasonable and practicable means of preventing Garners escape. Garner had recklessly and unmindfully attempted to jump over the fence to escape, thereby assumptive the responsibility to be risk of being fired upon. The Court of Appeals for Six Circuit affirmed with regard to Hymon, finding that he had acted in good-faith according to the Tennessee statute and was therefore within the scope of his qualified immunity. It remanded for reconsideration of the possible liability of the city, however. Justice White then delivered the opinion of the by saying This case requires us to determine the constitutionality of the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of an apparently unarmed suspected felon.We conclude that such force may not be used unless it is deemed necessary to prevent the escape and the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious p hysical injury to the officer or others. The Court of Appeals reasoned that the killing of a fleeing suspect is a seizure under the Fourth Amendment, and is therefore constitutional only if reasonable. The Tennessee statute failed as applied to this case because it did not adequately limit the use of deadly force by distinguishing between felonies of different magnitudes. The facts as found, did not justify the use of deadly force under the Fourth Amendment.Officer cannot resort to deadly force unless they arrest probable cause to believe that the suspect has commit a felony and poses a threat to the safety of the officers or a danger to the community if left on the loose. The State of Tennessee, which had intervened to defend the statute, appealed to this court. The city filed for demand for certiorari. Whenever an officer restrain the freedom of a person to walk away, he has seized that person. While it is not always clear just when minimal police prophylactic become a seizure , there can be no question that apprehension by the use of deadly force is a seizure subject to the reasonableness requirement of the Fourth Amendment.A police officer may arrest a person if he has probable cause to believe that person committed a crime. Petitioner and appellant argued that if this requirement is satisfied, the Fourth Amendment has nothing to say about how that seizure is made. This submission ignores the many cases in which this Court, by balancing the conclusion of the intrusion against the need for it, has examined the reasonableness of the manner in which a search or seizure is conducted. To determine the constitutionality of a seizure we essential balance the constitution and quality of the intrusion on the individuals Fourth Amendment kindle against the importance of the government interest alleged to justify the intrusion.Because one of the factors is the extent of the intrusion, it is limpid that reasonableness depends on not only when a seizure is made , but also how it is carried out. Notwithstanding probable cause to seize a suspect, an officer may not always do so by killing him. The intrusiveness of a seizure by means of deadly force is unmatched. The suspect s fundamental interest in his own life need not be elaborated upon. The use of deadly force also frustrate the interest of the individual, and of society, in judicial determination of guilt and punishment. Against these interests are ranged governmental interest in effective law enforcement. It is argued that overall violence will be cut by encouraging the peaceful submission of suspects who know that they may be shot if they flee.Effectiveness in making arrest requires the resort to deadly force, or at least the meaningful threat thereof. Being able to arrest such individuals is a condition precedent to the states entire system of law enforcement. Without in any way disparaging the importance of these goals, we are not such convinced that the use of deadly force is suf ficiently productive means of accomplishing them of justify the killing of nonviolent suspects. The use of deadly force is a self-defeating way of apprehending threat of deadly force might be thought to lead to the arrest of more live suspects by discouraging escape attempts, the presently available evidence doe not support this thesis.The use of deadly force to prevent the escape of all felony suspect, whatever the circumstances, is unconstitutionally unreasonable. It is no better that all felony suspects die than that they escape. Where the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer and no threat to others, the harm resulting from failing to apprehend him does not justify the use of deadly force to do so. It is no doubt when a suspect who is in sight escapes, but the fact that the police arrive a little late or are a little slower moving doe not always justify killing the suspect. A police officer may not seize an unarmed, non dangerous suspect by jibe him dead. The Tennes see statute in unconstitutional because as it authorizes the use of deadly force against such fleeing suspects.It is not, however, unconstitutionally unreasonable to prevent escape by using deadly force. Thus, if the suspect threatens the officer with a weapon of there is probable cause to believe that he has committed a crime involving the infliction or peril infliction of serious physical harm, deadly force may be used if necessary to prevent escape, and if where feasible, some warning has been given. As applied in such circumstances, the Tennessee statute would pass constitutional muster. We do not deny the practical difficulties of attempting to assess the suspects dangerousness. However, similarly difficult judgement must be made by the police in equally uncertain circumstances.Nor is there any indication that the States that allow the use of deadly force only against dangerous suspects, the standard has been difficult to apply os has led to a rash of litigation involving inap propriate second-guessing of police officers split-second decisions. Moreover, the highly technical felony or misdemeanour distinction is equally, if not more, difficult to apply in the field. And officer is no position to know, for example, the precise value of property stolen, or whether the crime was a prototypical or second offense. Finally, as noted above, this claim must be viewed with suspicion in light of the similar self-imposed limitations of so many police department.The District Court concluded that Hymon was justified in shooting Garner because state law allows, and the Federal Constitution does not forbid the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of a fleeing felony suspect if no alternative means of apprehension is available. This conclusion made a determination of Garners apparent dangerousness unnecessary. The court did find, however, that Garner appeared to be unarmed, though Hymon could not be certain that was the case. Restated in Fourth Amendment terms, th is means Hymon had no articulable basis to think Garner was armed. In reversing, the Court of Appeals accepted the District Courts factual conclusions and held that the facts, as found, did not justify the use of deadly force. Officer Hymon could not reasonably believed that Garner posed any threat.Indeed, Hymon never attempted to justify his action on any basis other than the need to prevent an escape. Hymon did not have probable cause to believe that Garner, whom he correctly believed to be unarmed posed any physical danger to himself or others. The judgement of the Court of Appeals is affirmed, and the case is remanded for further proceeding consistent with this opinion. As stated in the concept paper, in the killing of Miriam Carey by Washington DC Police. The Tennessee v. Garner case can be used as precedent in justifying the use of deadly force while she was fleeing. Where he reckless driving in attempt to flee the scene can be consider as immediate threat to the police office rs and the others.

A Mixture of Solid Particles

In the recent years, the industrialization and urbanization of Indian society has led to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. standard pressure befoulment is defined as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the oxygenize which has harmful and poisonous effects. Various experiments and studies have shown that long term exposure to such air pollution can lead to serious health issues such as aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness, accelerated aging of lungs, diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cancer and a shortened life span.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 12 million people die from environmental health risks annually. Air pollution has become the 4th highest risk factor for premature deaths.such(prenominal) degradation in the air quality levels has made air pollution a serious menace at a global level, especially for the developing countries, towards the sustainability of mankind.This has grabbed the attention of pu blic as well as the government agencies. An air quality index (AQI) is a parameter used by the government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air quality currently is and how polluted it is bet to become. As the AQI of a neck of the woods increases, an increasingly large percentage of population of that area will experience adverse health effects.Several projects have been launched to combat air pollution in all major countries worldwide. For e.g.Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program (HAP- 201618) project in China to reduce the emissions of specific pollutants in HebeiThe Odd-Even Scheme apply by the Indian Government in national capital Delhi (2016).thither are ceaseless fighting efforts for air pollution reduction all around the world. As an endeavor on the course of machine learning based air quality forecasting, this report presents an initiative and algorithmic details of various statistical models in solving this challenging problem.The Machi ne Learning models used in this paper, to facilitate the prediction of pollutant concentrations, include 1Linear regressionLogistic RegressionPolynomial regressionRandom Forest sort ratiocination Tree RegressionDecision Tree ClassificationSupport Vector regressionSupport Vector ClassificationKNN Classification We target our air pollution forecast to the city of Delhi, India as it is at the forefront for battling against air pollution.We focus on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) level of Delhi, as it is a quantitative method to profile air pollution level. In order to reduce the pollution levels in Delhi, we will be analyzing 5 pollutants and 5 other environment parameters responsible for increase in AQI levels.The fixed station data is taken for 3 stations namely NSIT (Dwarka), RK Puram and Shadipur .ObjectivesCompare results of Air Quality Index (AQI) values obtained by different regression models and then propose the best model.Classify the dataset into 5 different AQI cate gories, and then use Classification models to forecast the pollution category for next month.Analyze the most prominent pollutant, using Back Propagation, responsible for air pollution and suggest methods to control it.The rest of this paper is nonionised as follows naval division II describes related work, and Section III provides background on data sources, participatory sensing systems and details the 5 regression and 5 classification models used in this study. Section IV describes the steps in our model, while model implementation and estimation accuracy is studied in Section V.The paper concludes in Section VI. RELATED WORKOver the years, several approaches have been used to predict the air pollution. These can be classified into the following categoriesNumerical Methods There are plenty of numerical models used to forecast pollution levels, often referred to as the Atmospheric dispersion Modeling. Some of the commonly used models are put up Research and Forecasting model co upled to Chemistry (WRF-Chem), Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ), Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), NAQPMS, etc.Machine Learning Methods Such methods are data-driven, in which a statistical model is trained on a dataset containing several pollutants responsible for an increase in AQI level. The model forms a standard in the training data, and later uses it to predict the AQI level for next month. Some of the commonly used ML models are Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR). Some non analog models i.e., Artificial Neural Networks have also be used to forecast the pollutant concentrations. hybridizing Methods Hybrid methods have been extensively applied for air pollution forecasting in recent. To achieve an appropriate forecast, it is not just adopting one method.E.g. To predict ozone concentrations, multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks are used simultaneously based o n principal components.

Qualitative Research Methodologies Essay

Veal (2000) has described research a systematic and careful inquiry ands search for the truth or an probe into a subject to discover facts. investigate is collection of methods, tools and techniques for acquiring knowledge. The nature of research is to discover and explain and answer the unanswered questions. Qualitative methodology focuses on quality a term referring to the essence or ambience of something (Anastas, 1999). Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena.They are suitable to want knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of a phenomenon under study. Types of Qualitative Methodologies Case-Study Research Methodology Case study as a realistic methodology, which deals with solid and item questions. Case study translates research question into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing meaning of a phenomenon. Observation Research MethodologyScott (2 001) has described observation an effective way of finding out about people in their particular environment. Observational research method provides savvy of interaction between marketers and users, exploring members interaction in an organisation and understanding norms in a community. Ethnographic Research Methodology According to Garson (1998) ethnography is the study of cultural groupings. It concentrates on close field observation of socio-cultural phenomena.Ethnographic research is a holistic approach that tries to understand a culture through the members of given culture. numeric Research Methodologies Quantitative research is gathering data in quantity. The goal of the quantitative research approach is to find out the truth by use statistical procedure. Hara (1995) has pointed out that quantitative methodology allows readers to understand facts easily by looking at charts and graphs.The use of statistics reduces contradictions, which may exist in research. Morgan (2000) h as mentioned that quantification allows accuracy of statements by providing facts and figures with precision. Absence of one will make the other incomprehensible. It is assumed that quantitative methodologies are more logical and more comprehensible than qualitative methodology for this reason. descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental Methodologies. selective information CollectionHowever for this research the most appropriate method for this study is case study as this study is comparison of these two cities based on the data and facts obtained from different libraries, books, journals, newspapers and census department to answer the questions below. How history and geographical location influence their development? What are the current economic figures of the cities? How much fare these cities have made in trade, commerce health education and sanitation systems? What is the role of geography and location in the development of urban cities?

Civil War Essay

The revived Ku Klux Klan was merely the most obvious and sinister symptom of general and general discrimination. The untried Ku Klux Klan opposed some(prenominal) more groups than the blacks opposed by the first Ku Klux Klan. The first Ku Klux Klan group only discriminated against blacks and they werent known as the most peachy group unlike the revived Ku Klux Klan. The revived group of the Ku Klux Klan non only discriminated African Americans, but Immigrants, Catholics, and Jews as well.Even though the revival of the KKK was short-lived, they caused a dish out of damage. The Klan put their beliefs into the practice of terrorizing those people they disliked. The KKK group operated throughout the South during the Reconstruction era. The Ku Klux Klans long history of violence grew out of the resentment and hatred many white southerners felt in the aftermath of the Civil War. Blacks, having won the struggle for freedom from slavery, were now faced with a new struggle against wides pread racial discrimination and the terrorism of the Klan.The Ku Klux Klan terrorized African Americans by putting fear into their lives. The Ku Klux Klan enjoyed terrorizing their homes, beatings, whippings, as well as lynching male members of the family and making the surviving members get them down. bity unforesightful farmers and laborers thought that their wages would increase if they drove the Black people out of their state. Black people were a lot cheaper to employ as they were forced to last for lower wages than white people due to their skin color.They used to parade through the streets where black people lived carrying blazing torches and crosses. The massive immigration of Catholics and Jews from eastern and southern Europe led to fears among protestants about the new people, and especi all in ally about job and social competition. Since the immigrants were competition to the members of the Ku Klux Klan they also terrorized them to scare them away. The message was v ery clear, the new Klan was going to mean business and that meant expanding its list of enemies.Tatiana Ortega Period4 President Lyndon Johnson Lyndon B Johnson, our 36th president is well known as the Great Man to Society. Johnson was very considerate when it came to the fellow American people as well as the African Americans. President Lyndon Johnson was a great inspiration to the African Americans. During the 1960s when he took office, President Johnson was the most significant figure in securing civil rights for African Americans. President Johnson made a he impression in office his first couple of years.He obtained passage of one of the most extensive programmes in the nations history The Great Society program became Johnsons agenda for Congress. His mission was to aid education, attack on diseases, Medicare, and removal of obstacles to the right to vote. While Johnson was in office the country made spectacular explorations of set in a program. Lyndon signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960 as well as the Voters Act. When he left office peace talks were underway, he did not live to see them become successful, but unfortunately died.President Johnson was The president who helped end hatred among his fellow men and who promoted love among all the of people of all races. President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which was the most comprehensive civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. President Johnsons Great Society reforms lead to lasting changes in the society. Even though the Vietnam War sunk Johnsons presidency, it didnt effect him in the outrun. Till this day he is known as the greatest president of all time.

Barriers to Critical thinking

Work that demonstrates the qualities in this column is considered to be excellent figure or an A Demonstrates Basic Skill Sets Work that demonstrates the qualities in this column Is considered to be Average to Above Average, or B to C Demonstrates Skill Building Needed on Skill Sets Work that demonstrated the qualities in this column is considered to be below average or a D or F The discussion hurtle forth in this appellation demonstrates excellent communication skills.The topics are explored with explicit detail and analysis. Writing skills are excellent, communicating Ideas succinctly. This usage functions at the top of the designation guidelines. This shrewdness of discussion in this work is demonstrated by the work meeting or exceeding the high countersignature count range listed in the assignment. The discussion put forth in this assignment demonstrates an understanding of the assignment but perhaps does not fully develop the Ideas In a obscure content. Details may be mi ssing or not fully explained. Critical connections are not completely roger between opinions and commentary/source materials.The create verbally skills may need some development. This work functions at the mid-range of the assignment guidelines. The depth of discussion in this work is demonstrated by meeting the middle of the record book count range in the assignment. Connection to the assignment concepts. Faulty or unfocused commentary does not show a clear-cut thought process. small(a) to no connection is made between opinions and outside sources for support. The writing skills need to be developed in order to enhance communication of ideas in writing. This work functions as the lower range of the assignment guidelines.The depth of discussion in this work is demonstrated by not meeting the low/ minimum word count range given in the assignment, or Just meeting the minimum word count of the assignment. 75% The work provides comprehensive understanding of the assignment intent. 0 fill meets the assignment task requirements Content demonstrates critical thinking without diverge 0 Content is complex replete to demonstrate a depth of understanding of the topic in focused discussion The work provides average to good understanding of the assignment intent. 0Content meets the assignment task requirements in general Content does not move beyond the average interpretation of the issue at hand, may present some bias Content is not complex enough to demonstrate a depth of discussion for the topic more detailed discussion required discussion may lack some focus The work provides a lack of understanding of the assignment intent. 0 Content does not meet the assignment task requirements demonstrate an understanding of the topic at hand, presents bias 0 Content is not complex enough to demonstrate an understanding of the topic focus on the topic is not clear.