Alcohol Impact on the Fetal Development

Alcohol Impact on the Fetal Development Every year, in the United States of America, between 1000 to 6000 children are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), that is considered a huge number. (â€Å"Drinking alcohol during pregnancy,† 2008). Pregnancy is a very crucial time for the fetus. Women need to take care of the fetus by resting, eating a balanced and diet nutritious and performing some physical exercise. In the world, there are many things that can impact the fetus that women are not aware of and mothers should be cautious.Alcohol is one of them, expectant mothers should not drink alcohol during pregnancy. The purpose of this research is to explain and discuss the deleterious effects of alcohol on the fetal development during pregnancy. When, Where, How They Discover that Alcohol Has Effect on the Fetus In 1968, a man from France recognized that drinking alcohol during pregnancy may cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), name was Lemoin. In 1973 in the United States of A merica, James and Smith continued the research about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FAS.They mentioned that (FAS) affect the fetus growth and cause bad result to the fetus before and after being born (Caleekal, 1989). The scientist discovered Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in some children whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy before 30 years. At that time, they created FAS about alcohol's effects on the fetus. (NIAAA, 2000). Fortunately, these days with advances in medicine, scientists discover many things having an effect on the fetal development. Many women feel that drinking alcohol during pregnancy is not a big deal.But, depending on some research, it is not only a big deal but a serious problem that will affect the fetus and will cause FAS to be in fetus. Diseases and Disorders of Drinking Alcohol During Pregnancy The Fetus's food come from what the mother consumed either bad or good. Women should not drink any types of alcohol during pregnancy or when they are planning to become pregna nt because the women might be pregnant and they do not recognize that for a few days. This situation is happening in the United States of America every year to many women. Approximately 50% of pregnancies are unplanned.Drinking alcohol during pregnancy might cause FAS. Women can protect their children from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) completely by stopping alcohol use during pregnancy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010). FAS causes many serious problems and diseases in the fetus such as mental retardation, problems on the heart, weak growth of the fetus, difficulties of understanding and problems in the brain. The mothers should never drink alcohol during their pregnancies, at least the three months of first trimester because these are a dangerous and sensitive time for the fetus.However, not all the children whose mothers consume alcohol will develop birth defects. Sometimes, it affects their behavior and their lives will be difficult for them. Oth er effects of FAS are Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBDs) and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARNDs). ARBDs are the physical problems in the fetus such as heart disease, eyes diseases or organs problems. ARNDs are the learning problems and difficulties in the fetus such as difficulties of understanding or short memory. There is no medicine or treatment for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (â€Å"Drinking alcohol during pregnancy,† 2008).Some researchers discovered that drinking alcohol during pregnancy might cause abortion or premature birth the fetus before the specific time and sometimes kill the fetus. The probability of causing diseases depends on the amount of drinking (â€Å"Drinking alcohol during pregnancy,† 2008). According to Henry and Lyn (1984), consuming alcohol during pregnancy may lead to prematurity. They observed drinking more than seven drinks a week during pregnancy may cause preterm delivery. Also, alcohol abuse during pregnancy is associated with decreased birth weight and neurological effects on newborns.

Color of Water Rhetorical

Racism was a great dilemma for African Americans in the past. James McBride, who was the writer The Color of Water, is a great example on the hardships of racism. McBride tells us of how he and his mother were faced with struggles and still prospered though because It does not matter if he is considered Jewish or Christian; It does not matter if he is considered black or white, all that matters is that you must advance. James begins his life with confusion, not knowing which side to settle with and at the end of the story he is calm and has accepted his identity. He begins with memories about his father's death, about the lack of space in their house, about the hobbies his mother took up after his father's death and about how he was embarrassed by his Jewish mother. On one side he is profoundly in touch with his black side and on the other he despises it. For example, he is teased by the white, and is sent to a Jewish school. He switches between the two sides frequently. When his father dies, he pushes his family away and lives with his step sister and sees the real black life through encounters with the Chicken Man and others. On the other hand, he also traces out his white Jewish roots through his mother. He understands his mother's struggles and identifies with them. He begin to realize that she controlled her life, not her religion or her race and as he reaches this realization through his struggles as a black son of a white mother, as a Christian son of a Jewish mother, he understands that it doesn’t matter. He is what he makes of himself: the color of water. His best friend is a Jew and he becomes the best man at his wedding and McBride's mother attends his wedding and fully participates in it. These events marks the climax of all the struggles, religious and ethnicity, of the McBride family; the son's life rising from confusion and ambivalence. James asks his mother whether God is black or white, when he is a boy living in a black community with a mother who is white, and is doing so because he is confised about his personal race and who he is. Adding to the confusion, his mother responds that she is â€Å"light-skinned†. When his mother explains that God doesn't have a color, and that God is â€Å"the color of water†, he begins to grasp the concept of god being within us. Racism, in this time, affected many African American childrens goal in life. During my residency in Florida, I had a African American freidn who I was not allowed to speak to due to racial discrimination. Some individuals fear them or are provoked by the color, which to me is in-humane. When will we see equality among different races? Racism can be defined as a discrimination or prejudice, based on race and a belief that a particular race is superior to others. According to Christian beliefs, all humans have two ancestors, Adam and Eve. All humans are brothers and sisters but the unique in their own separate ways. Combine this with ignorance and it gives rise to racism. Racism has been around for a long time, and its effects are still being seen. James McBride and his mother stuggle during segregation in 1940-1970's. To this day racisms still exist. It may not be as worse as in the olden days, but it is still affecting individuals around the world. McBride reveals to us of how his life, during racism, was a complete struggle but still is able to prosper.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Response - Essay Example Too many questions and arguments are always negatively eyed by the top management. And this is where Crux went wrong, he did not fit in the â€Å"get to know our business† by ignoring the hidden rules and regulations and misbehaved by putting too many arguments on the table. Answer: Crux believed that the American Dream is not uniform across the American minds and did not provide the minorities with the deserved strength and success. He felt that it was meant for only the elite class who became stronger with the essence of the American Dream and used the minorities as mere puppets on the money minting front. Crux’s notion of success changed from the belief that success is the result of hard work to success is merely working according to the top management. Answer: I can relate to Stephen Cruz’s experience because as you pick up the newspaper and magazines everyday it is filled with stories of injustices faced by the minorities. We are born and brought up with the lessons of hard work and morality, only to grow up and find that only the stronger people rule and the weaker get punished and this is the reality whether we like it or not. Answer: The issues brought up by Crux relate to Racism and Colorism. These two forms of oppression shattered his belief about hard work and success and made him a victim of ‘going with the herd’, depression and other hidden forms of oppression. ‘There are some form of oppressions that one has yet to find a language to name, for many hidden layers embedded in these oppressions are often difficult to reveal.’ (Orelus,

Marcoeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marcoeconomics - Essay Example In periods of recession, economic activity drops down to almost null - at the end of both the consumers and the business owners; buying, selling, production and employment are at their lowest. The severity of recession is known as depression. When recession eases and the economy takes an opposite direction to take an upturn towards better financial prospects, there emerges the hope of recovery. It can be considered as the transition phase which leads to growth. As the trough advances towards the peak, the era of growth begins; the consumer confidence increases and business activity starts to pick up - since employment is generated, income of the citizens increase and hence increasing demand and hence production levels picking up and so the cycle continues. But, this activity period is coupled with increasing price levels. The boom does not last forever, even healthy economies face worst. Like recovery, this is a transition period where economy starts to move towards the bottom. Consumer purchases lowers, demand weakens and hence business activity starts to fall. There are multiple reasons that lead to changes in the levels of the economic activity - volatility of investment spending, momentum or follow the herd strategy of the consumers, technological innovation, varying inventory levels, fluctuation in government spending, effect of political conditions on business cycles, monetary policy, change in import and export situations, etc (Knoop, 2004)ii. The global financial crisis all started with the panic emerging in the banking system, with need to nationalize the banks. The credit system was affected with consumers and businesses facing difficulty in obtaining credit, housing market was highly affected. Thus, activity dropped hugely; there was fall in profits of many companies, pessimism and loss of confidence, net worth of businesses declined, and businesses precipitating into bankruptcies. This era can be characterized as Recession. (b) What are the key differences between the Classical and the Keynesian point of views Which of these frameworks has the Australian government been favouring in the global financial current crisis of 2008 and 2009 Classical economics believe that market will adjust itself and has its basis on Say's Law - people supply things to the economy and in return receive income to demand things of the value they have supplied. With regards to unemployment it is believed that unemployment is caused by excess supply due to higher wage levels. Classical economists therefore say that when left on its own, equilibrium wage levels will be achieved and economy will be at a full employment. In 1936, John Meynard Keynes, emphasized the role of the government for stabilizing the economic output over the different business cycle. He pointed out that the private sector decisions can lead to the inefficient macroeconomic outcomes, whereas public sector interference via monetary policy and fiscal policy can lead to positive outcomes. Since individuals and institutions, lead to micro level decisions which leads to economy operating below its potential output and growth. Therefore, economy should be stimulated by reducing interest rates, investing in the infrastructure by the government. This helps in economic activity to pick up. Cheaper credit will be available for businesses to fund their capital requirements

A consideration of the biblical theme, Kingdom of God, showing the Essay

A consideration of the biblical theme, Kingdom of God, showing the development of meaning in the Old and New Testaments - Essay Example The ‘Kingdom of God’ is a fundamental theme which runs from Genesis to Revelation. In its earliest expression there are strong similarities to the views of ‘kingship’ and ‘kingdom’ which were current among nations during the period of the OT, but from the outset it was clear that this was understood in terms of a universal and eternal divine authority. This overriding principle becomes increasingly dominant in the Biblical perspective until it comes to reality in the life and work of Jesus Christ. The actual phrase ‘kingdom of God’ does not occur in the OT. But from the outset the idea of God as absolute monarch and his kingly rule are pervasive in Scripture.†(Cf.New Dictionary of Theology). The concept of â€Å"Kingdom† is not current in the democratic mindset of our modern world. Ladd points out that in western idiom a kingdom is primarily seen as a realm over which a king exercises his authority. He quotes a modern dictionary definition: â€Å"A state or monarchy the head of which is a king, Dominion, realm†, and adds that while a secondary meaning of â€Å"kingdom,† relates to the people belonging to a given realm. He does not see either of these definitions as being accurate, as they tend to â€Å"lead astray from a correct understanding of the Biblical truth.† Much better, he says, is an ‘archaic’ definition in Webster’s dictionary, ‘The rank, quality, state or attributes of a king; royal authority, dominion, monarchy; kingship.† (Ibid). Greek and Hebrew scholars that the primary meaning of the Hebrew word â€Å"malkuth† in the Old Testament and the Greek word â€Å"basilieia† in the New Testament is of the rank, authority, and sovereignty exercised by a king. As Ladd says, â€Å"When the word refers to God’s Kingdom, it always refers to His reign, His rule, His sovereignty, and not to any realm in which it is exercised. (20) Kittel underlines this; â€Å"†¦ the expression denotes the fact that God is king, i.e. it describes His kingly being or kingship.† Edersheim adds that the rule of heaven and the kingship of God was the â€Å"very substance of the Old Testament; the object of the calling and mission of Israel; the meaning of all its ordinances whether civil or religious; the underlying idea of all its institutions.† The Old Testament, he says, could not be understood without this.† (265) It was common that the rule of a king would be established by the terms of a co venant, in which two parties are bound together in a solemn, unbreakable oath. There are a series of covenants in the Bible, the terms of which were always determined by God. The earliest books of the Old Testament outline these covenants, showing the development of the nation that was to be the primary realm of his sovereignty on earth. God chose a series of patriarchs to found this nation; giving specific promises, and calling for their trust and obedience. For several centuries these people, the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, lived in and are eventually become enslaved in Egypt. After 430 years, â€Å"God commissioned Moses, with Aaron as his mouthpiece , to lead out the Hebrew slaves, tribal descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, from Egypt, to become a nation in Palestine, the land of promise (Exodus 3:4)† (New Bible Dictionary). At Mount Sinai, god established a covenant with the Israelites, grounding His requirements (the laws which were to function as the constitution for a theocratic kingdom in which God would be the sole ruler) on what He had already done for them, and giving promises of great blessings which would accrue if they were obedient to the terms of the covenant. Closely coupled to the idea of God’s absolute sovereignty is the fact of his holiness. â€Å"God is the king of His covenant people, Israel. In a particular sense, not true of any other nation. †¦

Total Quality Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Total Quality Management - Case Study Example on what is expected of them, the restaurant shall be instilling useful information that would help it achieve its objective of offering high quality products and services. The ideas of the partners are not only customer-focused, but also aim to establish complete employee involvement and are also centered on improving processes to ensure high customer satisfaction at all times. Employee review and feedback system would ensure their growth and thus service and process improvement. Q2.The main elements of TQM are customer-focus, total employee participation, process-focus, integrated system, strategic approach, constant employee improvement, and effective communication among others. The business model of the partners is meeting all the different dimensions of quality. For example, in the case study, the partners would ensure that all food production processes are documented to reduce safety issues and quality deviations. Also, the restaurant will conduct regular review of its hourly employees to ensure service improvement. Further, the partners’ business model will include training program for new managers and employees to orient them with the culture of the restaurant and ensure that they live up to what is expected of them. As such, the business model of Rob and Daine covers almost all aspects of

Adapting leadership styles while organising commanies overseas Essay

Adapting leadership styles while organising commanies overseas - Essay Example (Koontz 1986:162). A managing director thus has an all-encompassing task of ensuring functionality of the organization through streamlined working of groups. The managing director must understand that while good people can make any organizational pattern work, it is essential that they know each other's role to work most effectively. (Koontz 1986:161). This essential aspect needs careful consideration when an organization is being established, in an alien environment particularly in relation to the style of leadership adopted by the managing director.There are numerous classifications of styles of leaderships given out by management thought leaders. When based on use of authority and decision-making these have been indicated as autocratic or that denoted by command authority of the leader with a benevolent authoritative being its softer version. Democratic, which has, participative and supportive as its sub types entails consulting subordinates and encouraging their participation in decisions. While a free rein style restricts a leaders role to that of aiding operations of followers. (Koontz 1986 : 400). Another study includes styles as charismatic, servant and quiet which are self-explanatory and in one form or the other follow the pattern denoted by Koontz. (Changing minds.org)