Why was Mussolini able to come in to power as early as 1922 Essays

Why was Mussolini able to come in to power as early as 1922 Essays Why was Mussolini able to come in to power as early as 1922 Essay Why was Mussolini able to come in to power as early as 1922 Essay Mussolini took a considerable short amount of time to come to power a substantial three years. Mussolini came to power within a couple of years and the main point to argue this is due to the fact of the weakness of Italy as a whole. Italy was a breading ground for the Fascist regime and Mussolini took full advantage of this and he profited from this a large amount. Italy had a lot of problems before the First World War and they only got worse after the war. Italy fought the war mostly against the Austrians along there northern boarders and was conflicted with severe causalities. The problems that Italy faced after the war included discontent amongst the citizens of Italy, economical problem and also cracks amongst the Italian government. Italy dealt with heavy casualties and their national debt rouse from 16 billion lire in 1914 to an enormous 85 billion lire in 1919. Other areas that hit Italy were their industries; the ammunition industry suffered heavily after the First World War as the demand for weapons dramatically decreased. This was a very good happening for Mussolini because at this time the people needed somebody to look up to, to guide them through this hardship and lead them to good times. Mussolini rose from power at the exact right time and he benefited from this. The government of Italy proved to be a key factor in the rise of power for Mussolini. The Italian government was very weak at the time and became even weaker when proportional representation was introduced. The first issue that the government faced was the actual parties in the government. The government was divided between the two major groups which rarely agreed on anything so making decisions were very hard to be made. The socialist party would never agree with anything the popular party agreed on so coalitions were rarely made. Other parties such as the General Confederation of Labor, Italian Confederation of Workers and the Communist party were not able to gain too much power because the appealed only to certain group of people. Unlike Fascism, which was formed for a certain group of people. The government basically was very weak and Mussolini did not have to do much in making the people believe that the Fascists party would make the government stronger as the Italian government was too weak to understand the meaning of strong. The popularity of Socialist was another factor that worried a lot of people in Italy; people were scared that the Socialist would cause a revolution like the Bolsheviks in Russia and cause chaos in Italy. People were afraid of the socialist parties as there occasionally strikes and ransacking made them feel that the government could not control them. But overall the Socialist party was a very weak party indeed, historian Mack Smith argues that Socialism lacked responsible leadership and had no clear aim of how to reach power and the fact that they never co-operated with other parties. If they had done so they would have achieved control of Italy easily but they did not and were taken apart. Mussolini again took advantage of this problem and announced to the people that he could resolve the socialist problems and his political army of Fascists would crush there strikes and ransacking. He was seen as a savior for the people of Italy and he gained popularity with the public after his outbursts of future intentions and Italys bright future. Even though that the ras were crucial for the success of fascism, Mussolini had a lot of characteristics which made him and made people see him as a good leader. Mussolini had many abilities such as in writing and as a leader he knew what the people demanded from him. He was a natural speaker, his ability to speak publicly was immaculate as he would grip his crowd and leave them roaring with excitement. Also he was the only person that was in control of the ras, who in turn was seen by the ras as vital because the movement needed a very strong a reliable figure that the people could support. His flexible policies also enabled more people to appeal to Fascism thus gaining a lot of support in a short amount of time. Another key factor that led to the Fascists coming to power would be the March on Rome. This was when Mussolini was invited to become the Prime Minister of Italy by the King, as he did not want his cousin to gain power over Italy. As a result he gained a lot of support from the people and it was his first real large step that gave him power before 1922. The fascists were able to gain power in such a short time mainly because Italy was overall an extremely weak country. In only three years fascism came into power with only several seats in parliament, it could have been stopped but a few lucky events proved lucky for Mussolini and handed him power in 1922. He was very lucky at times an example being the March on Rome, Mussolini himself did not expect himself to gain power so easily so worried and was prepared to flee, but still he conquered Rome and was given power easily. If the socialist party had been more organized and co-operative then they might have come to power, but fate played into Mussolinis hands. Although the movement could have been stopped very easily, the weakness of the government to take action against the Fascists gave then success and this was why Mussolini and the Fascist party was able to achieve dominance of Italy.

Critical Success Contextual Factors among SMEs in Saudi Arabia Essay

Critical Success Contextual Factors among SMEs in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The intention of this study is Saudi Arabia, one of the richest Arab countries. Albeit geographically small compared to Russia and the United States, the country easily bested the two cold war super powers in terms of oil production with an estimated 10.5 billion barrels per day (bbl) for 2010 estimates. Oil is a very important commodity for the global market and it is very critical to move the economy of essentially all countries. Yet, despite this seemingly huge advantage, the country pales is not among the leading economies of the world. This is mainly due to the fact that aside from its huge oil deposits, the country is void of other natural resources. Still, among its peers in the Arab world, Saudi Arabia is among the richest nations. The country is a sprawling land of about 2.15 million square kilometres hosting about 25.7 million inhabitants. It is a Muslim country and monarchy is its form of government. Interestingly though, among the population of the country, about 7 millio n are foreigners working in the country. However, aside from the oil companies, major companies hold the bulk of businesses in the country. Recently though, Saudi entrepreneurs are picking up the pace and are steadily becoming a force for economic growth for the country. This is very important because for so long now, the country’s economy has greatly relied on oil revenues which, being a natural resource, is strongly influenced by the government despite the existence of foreign business partners. 1.1.1 SMEs in Saudi Arabia It is important though that these SMEs step up in Saudi Arabia. It is noteworthy to recognize the strong growth of these different entrepreneurs which now accounts to about 93% of the total enterprises in the country. It is lamentable though that despite of this, the sector’s contribution to job generation is a mere 24.7 percent. Although these are small and medium scale enterprises employing only a handful of employees (59 and below for small while 60 to 99 for medium), it is important for the country to be able to get more out of these budding entrepreneurs in order to give more jobs to the Saudis (info provided

Why has gift exchange been an important topic for anthropology Essay

Why has gift exchange been an important topic for anthropology - Essay Example Researchers have established that giving is a composite subject in relation to describing human interactions and the ways that people become social within a society. In some quarters, many argue that gift exchange is an act of reciprocation and it can be a way of integrating people and culture in a society. Others also view gift giving as a way of influencing social communication especially for people that do not speak the same language or share the same cultural practices (Evens 2013, p. 123). The implication of this that gifts can be a representation of expression making them to convey cultural meanings that the other party may understand as the expressions of intended plans. Essentially, the act of giving or exchanging gifts becomes a tool for influencing social responsibilities and ways of providing political contrive. With this, this essay will explain the reasons as to why gift exchange is a relevant topic in anthropology by presenting the arguments, counter-arguments and the e vidence to support both of these claims. 2. Arguments One of the key contributors to the argument that gifts formed part of the anthropology researches was Mauss Marcel who was a French sociologist in the nineteenth century. For one, Mauss argued that the issuance of gifts was never free, but rather they opened up avenues for reciprocal exchanges for those that received the gifts in the first place. In essence, the process of anthropology requires that a researcher dwells among the people that are the subject of the study in order for them to acquire first hand information concerning their way of living. Ideally, this was the most appropriate way of gathering data within the anthropology study as the information gathered was accurate and factual as compared making researches based on secondary data. However, the process of engaging the natives involved in the study was a tricky affair because of the difference in culture and language attributes (Ensminger 2002, p. 106). Therefore, a nthropologists had to be creative hence making them to devise ways of how the natives would come to trust them in order for their study being a success. Mauss shared a contrary view in his argument that the gifts given to the natives were not free and that the recipient had to find a way of reciprocating for it. Subsequently, Mauss could not understand the content of the gifts that made them to have the reciprocating nature, but concluded that the gesture of receiving or giving somehow had spiritual attributes. Mauss concluded that the act of giving fostered social bonds between people from different cultures hence making the receiver to develop the obligation to reciprocate for the kind gesture shown by the giver (Ben-Amos 2008, p. 5). On the other hand, the giver also had to part with something that was somehow of value to him, which meant that the giver had shared a part of him influencing the bond to be a social one. As part of his theoretical views on the subject of giving and receiving gifts, Mauss three basic principles of his ideology that were giving, receiving, and reciprocating as part of developing social relationships. When a person gave, they portrayed their interest in developing and maintaining healthy relationships while the receiver could not refuse the gift. Failure to accept the gift was illustrating that the person was not interested in forming any formidable ties with the giver, but if they accepted the gift they had the moral obligation of reciprocating as part of showing liberation (Peoples & Bailey 2012, p. 147). However, the postmodern aspects of examining anthropology illustrate the

The first American railroad - Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The first American railroad - Narrative - Essay Example For instance, through narratives it is possible to explain and understand how people and cultures of the past related with each other leading to the process of development and how this development came to spread in various regions. All this, being in the foretelling of the first American rail road line. The first American rail road was approximately three thousand and sixty nine kilometers or one thousand nine hundred and seven miles long. Also dubbed as the first transcontinental rail road and the pacific rail road, it caught a lot of peoples eyes in amazement. It was constructed through a total tie period of six years form 1863 to 1869. The totality of the rail road line ran form the pacific coast of San Francisco bay to council bluffs, Lowa across the western united states (Hofsommer 12). This rail road was at the time the major development project and people used it as the major form of transport. This made sure that the government was keen in every aspects of its development. For instance it involved the consultancy of various private companies in its development such as the western pacific rail road company, the central pacific railroad company of California, and the union pacific rail road company. Each of these companies was involved in the planning and implementation stages with each partaking a share of building the rail way line (Hofsommer 4). As was in many of the other regions at the time, the paddle steamers were the first locomotives to move across this rail road. On the day of the launching of the rail way the first paddle steamer on the road was launched and many of the high and mighty citizens in the country partook tickets to ride and go down in history as the first passengers on the first American rail road. Thousand more lined along the rail road through out the whole journey to witness this remarkable invention that promised to come with better developmental opportunities for their nation. The civil war provided America with trained

Food and Culture Essay Example for Free

Food and Culture Essay That is, both mother and child are being watched, judged, and constructed by society since making a good obento may please her child and also affirm that she is a good mother, and child consuming their entire meal in a appropriate manner is considered well-taught. This social phenomenon represents that culture is constructed with power which exerts a force which operates in ways that are subtle, disguised, and accepted as everyday social practice. Another essay Carole Counihan’s â€Å"Mexicanas’ Food Voice and Differential Consciousness in the San Luis Valley of Colorado† uses the case of Ryubal to suggest how women can display differential consciousness through their practices and beliefs surrounding food. In society where traditional division of labor in cooking is still prevalent, a Mexican women Helen Ryubal challenged the traditional views of women and cooking by rejecting cooking, making husbands respect women who cooked, and involving husband in cooking. Her strategy not only minimized the subordinating dimensions of reproductive labor but also valued and benefited from the help of her mother, sister, and husband. Her attempt has been based on her ideologies which was developed from differential consciousness which is â€Å"a key strategy used by dominated peoples to survive demeaning and disempowering structures and ideologies† (175). Both essays are focusing on the relationship between food and gender through each case. Allison considered obentos as a container of cultural meanings, and social expectations from women and their performance and effort in obentos. Counihan’s ethnographic research of Ryubal also provided evolved relationship between women and food which could be possible due to her differential consciousness. Two authors both used a certain level of methodology to associate with their claim such as Ideological State Apparatus and differential consciousness. This utilization strongly supports their claim and strengthens the relationship between gender and food in culture. Moreover, both authors imply the relationship food is not a mere subject but rather deeply involved with society and its ideology. As the readings focus on the relationship between gender and food, it is evident that this relationship is deeply rooted in cultural representation. To be more specific, culture constructs what is considered as normal, custom, reasonable, acceptable under ideology. The hegemonic view from this culture forms women’s custodial relationship with food. As an asian woman, I also have countless experience relating to food. Similar to most of asian culture, the society’s expectation from woman is still traditional- cooking is women’s role and they are suppose to serve their men and rest of the family. Like Ryubal’s challenge, the counter-hegemonic view toward woman’s relationship to food and reasonable, modern alternatives are necessary.

A Growing Anger :: essays research papers

A Growing Anger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Poison Tree† by William Blake describes the growing anger in a man because of his hatred for an adversary. Blake compares the growing of anger to the growth and the budding of a tree. Blake also makes allusions to the story of betrayal by Adam & Eve in the Garden of Eden when they eat from the sacred tree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem, the narrator is describing his constantly growing anger towards his adversary, which Blake compares to the growth of a tree. Just as a tree needs sunlight to grow his anger needed a source of energy which happened to be his foe who he hates with a passion. The anger grows uncontrollably, although he tries to trick his feelings and pretend to be happy but still his anger grows. It grows until it reaches the point where an apple sprouts up from the tree, which his adversary will eat and ultimately die from, thus giving the tree its â€Å"poison† in the dangerous fruit. Blake’s poem also follows the same story line as the story of Adam & Eve eating the fruit and getting kicked out of the Garden of Eden. In the poem the adversary sneaks into the garden and steals an apple, which he does not know has been spawned by the hatred of the narrator. The foe proceeds to eating the fruit, which causes him to die under the tree he stole the fruit from. Just as in the story, Satan in the form of a serpent sneaks into Eden and tempts Eve into eating the sacred fruit which she knows not to eat. She does eat from it and takes it to Adam for him to eat from and consequently God throws them out of Eden for disobeying his commands.

Epistemology: Scientific Method and Knowledge Essay

Epistemology can be difficult to understand and maybe even harder to say. The short answer is that epistemology is the theory of knowledge. Perhaps that is too short of an answer, allow me expand. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions concerning the nature, scope, and sources of knowledge. Even these concepts can be foreign to the common public. The nature of knowledge is basically the qualities that constitute knowledge. One would find this answer by asking â€Å"What is knowledge? † The scope of knowledge sets the limits on what is knowledge and is a belief, hypothesis, or guess. A person must prove knowledge. Suppose I generated a completely random number and I asked you what number I was thinking of. If you stated the correct number, does that mean you knew what I was thinking? The source of knowledge covers how we attain our knowledge. Now that we have established a basic understanding of epistemology, we can cover a few of the major schools of thought. When you think about a persons reasoning process, some people divide a persons thoughts into rational and irrational. If you are one of these people, you would use a deductive method of reasoning. You would also be considered a rationalist. As a rationalist, you believe that you can know things for certain even if you have never experienced it yourself. If you wanted to know which object would hit the ground first, when given two objects with different masses, you could take what you know about physics and figure it out without ever having to actually perform the experiment. There is another group that uses deductive reasoning but argue â€Å"all ideas trace ultimately back to experiences, such as perceptions and emotions. â€Å"(IEP, par. 2) These are the empiricists. These individuals claimed that if we didn’t have any experiences, we would have nothing to base our ideas off of. Taking a look back at the example above, you can see that we must know something about gravity. Our ideas on gravity stemmed from the observations of people like Newton. You can now see, through a little bit of deductive reasoning, how they believe everything is inductive. Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who attempted to combine rationalism and empiricism. It is called the â€Å"form and matter† epistemology. (Quine par 5) The idea is that you need to take into account your experiences and use deductive reasoning. Quine uses a metaphor involving the statue of Abraham Lincoln. Quine says â€Å"A statue can have a form such as Abraham Lincoln and a matter such as marble; you need both a form and a matter to have a statue. So in knowledge you need a form, which are categories of the mind, and matter which are the data of sensations. † What I understand of this is that you cannot experience everything in life so you must use deductive reasoning, but you must experience some things to have a basis for your knowledge. Skepticism is just as it sounds, to doubt. You may be familiar with the statement â€Å"I think, therefore I am† but may not know what it means, who stated it, and why it was ever said, and how it relates to skepticism. Descartes was looking for a way to prove truths by disproving everything else. He used two conjectures, the dream conjecture and the evil demon conjecture. The dream conjecture utilized the fact that the truth could be a figment of the imagination. The evil demon conjecture posed the idea that a malevolent force was distorting reality. Descartes used these two as tools. If a truth could pass these two filters, then indeed it was the truth. What he discovered was that a person could doubt everything except one truth: â€Å"I think, therefore I am† Here’s how it passed the test. A person must exist to be able to think. To doubt something requires thought. So the act of doubting your own existence proves that you exist. This was a great discovery but Descartes was troubled with other questions. Descartes found it difficult to make the mind-body connection. That is, the mind is immaterial and the body is physical, how can something immaterial move something that is material. Parallelism was proposed as a solution. Simply put, the mind does not move the arm, the act of willing the arm to move only appears to make the arm move. Two events happen in parallel, the act of willing the arm to move and the arm actually moving. How does it just so happen that these to events happen at precisely the same time? Occasionalism, a variant of parallelism, was offered. A person wills their arm to move and on that occasion a divine power causes the arm to move. Many theories have been set forth, some a little harder to grasp or understand than the others. From the examples above you may begin to understand what epistemology is. You can grasp parts from the short stories above that help explain the nature, scope, and sources of knowledge. Depending on your  position, all of this information presented could not even be true. You may not really be reading this. You may not even exist, do you doubt it? Works Cited http://pantheon. yale. edu http://www. london-oratory. org/philosophy W. V. O. Quine. Epistemology. 23 Mar 2004 The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Continental Rationalism. 23 Mar 2004 Chapter 6-Philosophy-The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology Chapter 7-Philosophy-The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Epistemology-University of Phoenix Faculty Material.